应用LC-MS联用方法分析青岛近海渐尖鳍藻(Dinophysis acuminata)细胞中的毒素成分

建立了可用于微量腹泻性贝毒(diarrhetic shellfish poisoning,DSP)毒素分析的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)分析方法,并于2009年4月从青岛近海团岛湾采集浮游植物样品,应用所建立的LC-MS方法对手工挑取的渐尖鳍藻(Dinophysis acuminata)细胞产毒状况进行了分析。结果显示,该方法具有良好的灵敏度和精密度,能够对30个鳍藻细胞中的毒素成分进行检测。运用该方法从渐尖鳍藻样品中检测到了大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素1(dinophysistoxin 1,DTX1)和扇贝毒素2(pectenotoxin 2,PTX2)等毒素成分,细胞中OA,DTX1和PTX2毒素的含量分别为2.54 pg/cell,4.04 pg/cell和1.73 pg/cell,这是首次对我国近海鳍藻产毒状况的报道。     

香港世界地质公园尖洲火山岩的弧形地层与逸气构造

<正>位于香港世界地质公园大浪湾的尖洲,是由早白垩世槟榔湾组厚层流纹岩和上覆粮船湾组流纹质碎斑熔岩组成的小岛(图1a),发育两种罕见的地质现象:一是弧形地层;二是流纹岩逸气构造。陆相火山岩的地层产状多变,但弧形地层则极少见。考察发现,尖洲的弧形地层是槟榔湾组上、下流     

应用技术措施改善汽车燃料经济性

当前汽车产业的研究方向是以低碳环保、低排放、低污染及经济适应性强等方面为主要研究目的,而对这些方面产生影响较大的因素就是汽车燃料。这就需要汽车设计者通过改良应用技术对汽车燃料的使用率进行提高,改善汽车燃料的经济性。本文主要从汽车驾驶技术、结构技术及设计技术等方面进行了分析,提出了改善汽车燃料经济性的可行性方案。     

纤维束滤池在化工企业废水处理中的应用研究

在某化工企业废水处理中,通过普通快滤池、V型滤池和纤维束滤池的分析比较,采用了纤维束滤池处理工艺。纤维束滤池提升了污水处理能力,进一步去除水中的悬浮物、总磷,出水满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A回用水标准要求。     

美国纽约大规模改造老旧锅炉进一步减少空气污染

正美国纽约市环境保护局日前宣布一系列新措施,改造大型建筑用采暖锅炉,旨在进一步减少空气污染.环境保护局局长埃米莉?劳埃德说,用于大型建筑采暖等用途的锅炉的排放是城市空气污染的主要源头.新的举措将帮助减少污染,使空气更干净,居民更健康,并节省燃油和煤气,降低费用.这些措施包括提高锅炉燃料的燃烧效率,并进行严格的年检,以确保所有锅炉达到新的标准等.仅将锅炉燃料的燃烧效率从80%提高到83%这一项,一座大型建筑每年就能省下大量能源,从而少花数万美元的燃料费.     

Gas separation using porous cement membrane

Gas separation is a key issue in various industrial fields. Hydrogen has the potential for application in clean fuel technologies. Therefore, the separation and purification of hydrogen is an important research subject. CO2 capture and storage have important roles in ＂green chemistry＂. As an effective clean technology, gas separation using inorganic membranes has attracted much attention in the last several decades. Membrane processes have many applications in the field of gas separation. Cement is one type of inorganic material, with the advantages of a lower cost and a longer lifespan. An experimental setup has been created and improved to measure twenty different cement membranes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of gas molecule properties on the material transport and to explore the influence of operating conditions and membrane composition on separation efficiency. The influences of the above parameters are determined, the best conditions and membrane type are found, it is shown that cementitious material has the ability to separate gas mixtures, and the gas transport mechanism is studied.     

Characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. from a membrane bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment

High salt concentrations can cause plasmolysis and loss of activity of cells, but the salt-torlerant bacterium can endure the high salt concentrations in wastewater. In this research 7 salt-torlerant bacteria, which could survive in dry powder products and could degrade organic contaminants in saline wastewater, were isolated from a membrane bioreactor. The strain NY6 which showed the fastest growth rate, best property for organic matter degradation and could survive in dry powder more than 3 months was selected and characterized. It was classified as Bacillus aerius based on the analysis of the morphological and physiological properties as well as the 16 S rRNA sequence and Neigh borjoining tree. The strain NY6 could survive in the salinity up to 6% and the optimal growth salinity is2%; it belongs to a slightly halophilic bacterium. The capability of its dry powder products for COD removal was 800 mg COD/(g·day) in synthesized saline wastewater with salinity of 2%. According to salt-tolerant mechanism research, when the salinity was below 2%, the stain NY6 absorbed K+and Na+to maintain osmotic equilibrium, and when the salinity was above 2%, the NY6 kept its life by producing a large amount of spores.     

评价爆炸超压作用的一个新指标及其在一次型FAE中的应用

利用单自由度体系在爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应的数值解,提出了一个近似关系式,进而得到一个新评价指标△P0.742m i0.258 .同时给出了一次型FAE的TNT比当量的计算方法,分别以超压峰值△Pm和△P0.742m i0.258 为评价指标计算了某一次型FAE的TNT比当量,并进行了比较.结果表明,单纯以超压峰值为评价指标的TNT比当量结果低估了一次型FAE的超压作用.鉴于爆炸超压场测试仪器与技术已能够容易地准确测量超压峰值与比冲量,建议以△P0.742m i0.258 为一次型FAE的TNT比当量的评价指标.     

城镇老旧城区污水出户管调查及改进策略研究——以重庆市白沙镇为例

城市污水系统主要由出户管、市政污水管和污水处理厂三大部分组成.过去几十年,国内各种规模的城镇投入大量资金建成了较为完善城市污水厂、市政管网系统,但污水出户管建设与管理滞后成为提高污水收集率和处理率的瓶颈.污水接入问题是个全球性关注的环境卫生基础设施问题.近年来,国内一些主要城市开始重视建成区出户管的改造工作,积累了一定...     

基于燃煤电厂运行经济性的烟气污染物排放技术优化研究及应用

针对火电厂燃煤锅炉运行成本结构的变化,通过实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,搭建科学准确的数学模型,开发了燃煤锅炉污染物预测及过程优化辅助决策系统,实现以锅炉运行总成本为优化目标的燃料及运行方式优化的新方式,从源头上有效地控制污染物的生成,降低运行成本,达到节能降耗的目的。