利用活性碳毡构建流通式电容去离子器件及其电容脱盐性能研究

采用活性碳毡(ACF)作为电吸附材料,构建流通式(Flow-through)电容去离子(CDI)装置,以模拟盐水为对象,考察了电压、通量、进水初始浓度及盐离子种类等条件对ACF电吸附容量的影响,并与平板式(Flow-by)电容去离子装置对比.结果表明,在流通式运行模式下,ACF电吸附容量随着电压、进水盐浓度的增大而增大,吸盐量最终会达到极值(最大吸附量).ACF电吸附容量会随着进水通量的增大先增大后减小.在电压1.2 V、通量0.053 m L·min~(-1)·cm~(-2)、进水初始浓度1000 mg·L~(-1)的条件下,流通式CDI中ACF对硫酸钠的电吸附容量达到7.73 mg·g~(-1),而平板式CDI中ACF电吸附容量为5.42 mg·g~(-1).此外,还考察了在不同盐离子类型条件下的流通式CDI脱盐效果,结果表明,ACF电极对阳离子电吸附强弱顺序依次为K~+Na~+Ca~(2+),对阴离子电吸附强弱顺序为Cl~-NO_3~-SO_4~(2-).流通式CDI装置在12个周期内脱盐效果并无明显衰减,表明CDI具有较好的稳定性.     

PPS水刺毡滤料控制PM2.5的性能研究

通过对PPS水刺毡与传统的PPS针刺毡各项性能的对比研究,结果表明PPS水刺毡不仅在机械性能上较PPS针刺毡有明显的优势,更在过滤性能上体现出高效、低阻、长寿命的特性。     

Cu和Cd胁迫下接种外生菌根真菌对油松根际耐热蛋白固持重金属能力的影响

铜和镉是我国土壤重金属常见种类,生物固定过量重金属以降低其生理毒害是修复土壤重金属污染的有效方法之一.外生菌根能够通过分泌大量有机物质来降低土壤中重金属的生物有效性.在Cu或Cd胁迫下,外生菌根真菌接种油松幼苗根际分泌的耐热蛋白具有固持重金属的潜力.结果表明,纯培养条件下接种并没有增加耐热蛋白的分泌,但是在Cu或Cd的胁迫培养下,接种幼苗耐热蛋白的分泌量增加.不同Cu浓度处理下,接种油松幼苗总提取耐热蛋白(total thermostable protein,TTP)和易提取耐热蛋白(easily extracted thermostable protein,EETP)的分泌量为未接种油松的2.64~11.79倍;Cd处理下接种油松TTP和EETP的分泌量,分别是未接种油松的1.49~7.56倍.虽然Cu处理下无论是接种还是未接种,根际耐热蛋白和根系细胞中固持的总Cu量显著大于空白对照,但接种显著增加了根际的重金属固持量,其Cu总相对含量是未接种的1.81~2.75倍,且绝大部分重金属固持在耐热蛋白中,使得根际耐热蛋白中的Cu相对含量是根系细胞含量的4.19~43.00倍.Cd处理下也得到了相似的结论.说明接种菌根真菌促进了植物分泌耐热蛋白量,加强了根系对重金属的固持能力,从而达到减少过量重金属的生物有效性,缓解土壤重金属污染的目的.     

Coulometric determination of dissolved hydrogen with a multielectrolytic modified carbon felt electrode-based sensor

A multielectrolytic modified carbon electrode (MEMCE) was fabricated by the electrolytic-oxidation/reduction processes. First, the functional groups containing nitrogen atoms such as amino group were introduced by the electrode oxidation of carbon felt electrode in an ammonium carbamate aqueous solution, and next, this electrode was electroreduced in sulfuric acid. The redox waves between hydrogen ion and hydrogen molecule at highly positive potential range appeared in the cyclic voltammogram obtained by MEMCE. A coulometric cell using MEMCE with a catalytic activity of electrooxidation of hydrogen molecule was constructed and was used for the measurement of dissolved hydrogen. The typical current vs. time curve was obtained by the repetitive measurement of the dissolved hydrogen. These curves indicated that the measurement of dissolved hydrogen was finished completely in a very short time (ca. 10 sec). A linear relationship was obtained between the electrical charge needed for the electrooxidation process of hydrogen molecule and dissolved hydrogen concentration. This indicates that the developed coulometric method can be used for the determination of the dissolved hydrogen concentration.     

Tyrosinase-modified carbon felt-based flow-biosensors: The role of ultra-sonication in shortening the enzyme immobilization time and improving the sensitivity for p-chlorophenol

Tyrosinase (TYR) was covalently immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt surface via glutaraldehyde-coupling under ultrasonic treatment for 10 min. The resulting TYR-immobilized carbon felt was used as a working electrode unit of bioelectrocatalytic flow-through detector for TYR substrates (catechol, p-chlorophenol (p-CP), p-cresol, phenol etc.). Cathodic peak currents based on the electroreduction of enzymatically produced o-quinones were detected at –50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Compared with previous work in which TYR was immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt for 16 hr without the ultrasonic treatment, we succeeded in (1) shortening the enzyme immobilization time from 16 hr to 10 min, (2) enhancing the sensitivity of p-CP, and (3) improving the operational stability of p-CP. The ultrasonic treatment during the TYR immobilization step would lead to certain changes in the structure of the immobilized TYR and the morphology of the immobilized TYR-layer on the carbon felt surface.     

双层滤料颗粒床与金属纤维毡梯级过滤特性

为了提高双层滤料颗粒床对亚微米粉尘的过滤效率,进行了双层滤料颗粒床与金属纤维毡梯级过滤实验研究。结果表明:不加金属纤维毡的双层滤料颗粒床的过滤效率为96.35%、出口粉尘浓度为85.5 mg?m~(-3)、总压降为1 840 Pa;加金属纤维毡时,双层滤料颗粒床与金属纤维毡梯级过滤的总过滤效率为99.13%、出口粉尘浓度为19.8 mg?m~(-3)、总压降为1 730 Pa。双层滤料颗粒床与金属纤维毡梯级过滤大幅度地降低了出口粉尘浓度;并且由于金属纤维毡替代了稳流层,还降低了总压降。     

有机耐热难燃“TC”非织造布材料

介绍“ＴＣ”耐热难燃非织造布的特性。在焊接和气割中用于替代石棉布,对安全生产和劳动保护有着广泛的应用前景。     

一株碱性脱除硫酸盐细菌的筛选及其生长特性研究

生化铁碱溶液催化法气体脱硫方法（简称DDS法）具有良好脱硫效果,但是DDS溶液在脱硫后会导致脱硫能力降低,为了达到使DDS脱硫残液得到再生的目的,从自然环境中筛选能够使DDS脱硫残液得到再生的微生物并对其进行了研究。通过富集培养及纯化,从黑龙江省五大连池火山口附近土样中筛选出一株碱性条件下脱除硫酸盐的菌株WT-1。对该菌株的生长曲线进行了测定,培养4～6 h菌株进入对数期,20 h左右到达稳定期。并研究了温度、pH值和摇床转速对其生长特性和活性的影响,结果表明,该菌株的最适生长条件为：温度35～45℃,pH值8,摇床转速120 r/min。同时,脱硫试验表明WT-1确实具有脱除硫酸盐的能力。     

电化学氧化改性石墨毡电芬顿体系对三氯乙烯的降解研究

三氯乙烯(TCE)是一种常用的有机溶剂,广泛地用于各类工业行业中,因其高密度、难降解和高毒性的特点,容易在地下水中积累,对地下水环境的安全和人类的生存健康造成极大的威胁,需要进行有效处理.采用电化学氧化改性后的石墨毡(GF)作为工作电极,稳定的钛基混合金属氧化物(Ti-MMO)作为对电极,构成有效的GF改性阴极电芬顿体...