Water-saving Technologies,Solar Green House and Ecological Rehabilitation in Minqin Oasis of Gansu Province,China

Land degradation and desertification have become severe environmental problems in arid areas due to excessive use of water resources. It is urgent to reduce agricultural water use for ecological rehabilitation, which may result in a decrease in agricultural production and farmer＇s welfare. This paper focused on the impacts of some main measures including extensions of watersaving irrigation, expanding solar green house and increasing off-farm employment, which are generally recognized to be important to alleviate water shortage and poverty. A bioconomic model is applied taking Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province as a case study site. Simulation results showed that the effect of expanding solar greenhouse was more positive than other ones so it drew more attention. On the view of the different effects between each irrigation zone, mixed policy patterns suitable for them are suggested. In Baqu, expanding solar greenhouse should be the most important, auxiliary with encouraging pipe irrigation. Inversely, with regard to Quanshan, the major attention should be paid to subsidy for pipe irrigation and it would be better to supply the off-farm employment opportunities to the households in Huqu, where the expanding of solar greenhouse should also be summoned. Finally, it should be noted that farmer＇s income would only resume to 90% of the current level in the short run by putting more effort into local policies. Thus, the ecological compensation is needed to ensure farmer＇s welfare.     

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在物质文明和精神文明高度发达的当今世界，全球却到处亮出了“水匮乏”、“水危机”的黄牌。保护水资源，保证水资源的可持续利用战略已经进入各国政府的决策系统，成为规划本国社会经济发展的决定因素之一，尤其在一些严重缺水国家和地区，更是如此。一个国家和地区的水资源，从多年平均值看，基本恒定，这是受制于天的，除非远距离调水，否则难以改变。我国水资源人均占有量相对贫乏，600多座城市中有300多座城市缺水，其中，有108座城市严重缺水。全国有7000万人口饮水困难，因干旱每年影响农业产量约200亿公斤，影响工业产值1200多亿元…     

石油化工区水资源管理问题的思考

本文提出了石油化工区水资源浪费、无计划用水、水的循环使用和处理后回用不够等同题，同时也论述了解决这些问题的措施与对策。     

哈尔滨市水资源问题及对策研究

哈尔滨市水短缺和污染已成为城市经济可持续发展的障碍.本文从水资源的特性和哈尔滨市水资源现状出发,探讨了问题的成因,提出节水战略,加大治污和污水回用力度,是最大限度发挥哈尔滨有限水资源的保证.     

本钢炼钢厂清洁生产概述

根据清洁生产新概念，概述本钢炼钢厂清洁生产情况及清洁生产设施。着重介绍了本钢炼钢厂的几项典型清洁生产工艺。     

客车车载真空环保厕所的系统设计

本文针对国内客车厕所的使用现状和不足,介绍了新研究开发的环保型车载真空厕所系统, 并对其工作原理、总体结构、关键技术等方面作了详细的分析和阐述。     

水——地球生命的血液 人类生命的源泉

世界水资源状况全世界总贮水量为13.6亿km~3,地球表面有2/3被水覆盖,但是其中97.5％是海水。 淡水资源包括极地的冰盖,只占地球总水量的1％。在这1％中,有75％用于农业,有24％用于工业,用于人类日常所需仅是这百分之一中的1％。     

关于创建节水型城市的探讨

为了有效的缓解目前我国城市水资源严重短缺的现状，国家提出了大力创建节水型城市口号。为了对实践工作有一定的指导作用，本文重点对节水及节水型城市的内涵进行了剖析，特别对节水型城市内涵提出了自己的见解。以此同时，运用上述的理论，分析了目前我国在创建节水型城市工作中存在的主要问题，并结合国外节水的经验，提出了有建设性的几点建议。     

火电厂节水与废污水回用研究

从火电厂加强水务管理和废污水治理的角度，对生活污水、含油污水、灰水、循环水的治理现状和措施作了较全面地介绍，初步分折了火电厂节水的经济效益，并介绍了实际工程设计中的一些体会。