硝化过程清洁生产研究

探讨了芳香族化合物硝化过程存在的主要环境问题，针对这些问题，提出了在硝化过程采用清洁生产技术减少或消除水污染的各种途径。     

氯代芳香族化合物电化学还原特性的测定及QSPR研究

运用定量结构-性质相关技术研究了萘、联苯、苯、苯酚等4类共87种氯代芳香族化合物的电化学还原特性与分子结构间的定量关系结果表明,化合物的还原电极电位除了与最低未占据分子轨道能EL_UMO有显著相关性以外,还与分子中氯原子个数n_CI存在一定相关性,从而揭示了氯代芳香族化合物电化学还原的内在规律,为有害污染物高级还原处理技术的开发与工艺设计提供了有价值的基础数据.     

Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

This study estimates the detailed chemical profiles of China＇s anthropogenic volatile organic com- pounds （VOCs） emissions for the period of 2005-2020. The chemical profiles of VOCs for seven activity sectors are calculated, based on which the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential （POCP） of VOCs for these sectors is evaluated. At the national level, the VOCs species emitted in 2005 include alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and halocarbons, accounting for 26.4wt.%, 29.2wt.%, 21.3 wt.%, 4.7 wt.%, 5.4 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 0.7 wt. % and 2.2wt.% of total emissions, respectively. And during 2005-2020, their mass proportions would respec- tively grow or decrease by - 34.7%, -48.6%, 108.5%, 6.9%, -32.7%, 7.3%, 65.3%, 100.5%, and 55.4%. This change would bring about a 13% reduction of POCP for national VOCs emissions in the future. Thus, although the national VOCs emissions are expected to increase by 33% over the whole period, its ozone formation potential is estimated to rise only by 14%. Large discrepancies are found in VOCs speciation emissions among provinces. Compared to western provinces, the eastern provinces with a more developed economy would emit unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene with lower mix ratios, and aromatic compounds except benzene, oxidized hydrocar- bons and halocarbons with higher mix ratios. Such differences lead to lower POCP of VOCs emitted in eastern provinces, and higher POCP of VOCs emitted in western provinces. However, due to the large VOCs emissions from Chinese eastern region, the ozone forma- tion potential of VOCs emission in eastern provinces would be much higher than those in western provinces by about 156%-235%.     

氯代芳香族化合物高效降解菌的驯化与筛选

为了筛选除解造纸废水中的氯代芳香族化合物的高效降解菌株,选用了造纸废水SBR处理系统的活性污泥作为菌源,采用平板分离池分离出18种菌株,并从中选出生长势态良好的11种,通过对废水中CODCr,TCl的降解效果试验,确定出以M3＋M8为组合的优势混合菌。     

Accelerated degradation of a variety of aromatic compounds by Spirodela polyrrhiza-bacterial associations and contribution of root exudates released from S. polyrrhiza

Removal experiments of phenol,aniline,2,4-dichlorophenol,nonylphenol and bisphenol A(BPA) using Spirodela polyrrhizabacterial associations revealed that all compounds but BPA underwent accelerated removal.The mechanisms differed depending on the substrates.It was found that S.polyrrhiza has a great ability to release phenolic compound-rich root exudates,and the exudates seem to stimulate bacterial degradation of a variety of aromatic compounds.     

中国长三角背景点冬季大气棕碳污染特征及来源解析

为探究长三角城市群背景点大气棕碳（brown carbon,BrC）的污染特征及来源,本研究采集并分析了长三角城市群下风向地区上海崇明岛2018年12月~2019年1月大气PM_2.5样品的化学组成及光学特性.结果表明,甲醇萃取的棕碳在波长365 nm处的吸光系数（absorption coefficients,Abs_365,M）平均为（5.39±3.33）M^-1·m^-1,是水萃取棕碳的1.3倍,且二者均随pH值的增大而显著增加,显示大气颗粒物酸度较弱时有利于棕碳光吸收.冬季Abs₃₆₅和单位质量吸光效率（mass absorption efficiency,MAE₃₆₅）均呈现出夜高昼低的变化趋势,且夜间Abs₃₆₅与左旋葡聚糖呈强线性相关（R²=0.72）,说明生物质燃烧排放大量的吸光性物质是导致夜间Abs₃₆₅较高的一个重要原因.冬季硝基芳香族化合物（nitro-aromatic compounds,NACs）和多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）平均浓度分别为（1.5±1.1）ng·m^-3和（8.3±4.7）ng·m^-3,作为棕碳重要的发色基团,二者在365 nm波长处对BrC的吸光贡献分别为0.1%和0.067%.正交矩阵源解析（positive matrix factorization,PMF）分析表明,生物质和化石燃料等燃烧源的直接排放是冬季崇明岛棕碳的主要来源,贡献达56%,其次是二次生成棕碳,占比为24%,而道路扬尘源仅占6%.     

Ferton试剂氧化水中芳香族化合物的机理

用Fenton试剂法对苯、苯酚、苯胺、甲苯、硝基苯、苯甲基等6种模拟水样进行了氧化处理，并利用紫外光谱考察了氧化前后分子结构的变化，对Fenton试剂氧化芳香族化合物的机理进行了初步的探讨分析。     

焦化废水生化出水中芳香族污染物深度处理技术的研究进展

焦化废水生化出水中芳香族污染物种类众多,有较强的生物毒性,必须进行深度处理。本文综述了焦化废水生化出水深度处理技术的研究进展,比较了各种技术对焦化废水生化出水中芳香族污染物的去除能力,讨论了使用中存在的问题,展望了优势技术的发展方向和应用前景。     

用分子连接指数研究氯代芳香族化合物对绿藻的毒性及QSAR分析

本文测定了一批氯代芳香族化合物对羊角月牙藻的急性毒性,运用分子连接性指数分析了化合物结构与其毒性之间的定量关系,并用逐一抽取法检验比较了模型的稳健性.     

芳香族化合物的生物降解途径

分析了以苯、甲苯、萘和联苯为代表的芳香族化合物的生物降解途径,发现其共同点都是经过两步加氧酶作用生成二醇,最后再开环;介绍了苯、甲苯、萘和联苯这几种芳香族化合物分解酶的组分、相对分子质量及其辅基。