铝合金表面铈转化膜的生长与耐蚀性

将6063铝合金试样用10g／LCe（NO3）3·6H2O处理1min-24h,采用增重实验、盐雾试验和全浸腐蚀试验研究了铈转化膜的生长和耐蚀性能。结果表明,在初期试样增重随成膜时间线性增加,15min后增重变缓,30min后波动下降。转化膜的耐蚀性能受膜厚和裂纹联合控制,成膜时间在30min内,随成膜时间增加,耐蚀能力增加;30min后由于膜层开裂渐成主导控制因素,随成膜时间增加耐蚀性下降。     

云南省环境监测中心站网络安全对策及应用

根据近年国内网络领域的新技术,结合本单位网络建设的需求及工作经验,从防火墙、入侵检测、防病毒、漏洞扫描、访问控制等几个方面作了阐述,对如何建设一个安全的网络提出了自己的见解。     

省环保厅加强机关作风建设的若干规定

为进一步规范环保行政行为,提高环保服务水平,促进全省经济平稳较快发展,按照省委、省政府关于开展”干部作风建设年”活动的部署要求,结合环保工作实际,现就加强机关作风建设作如下规定：     

无铅焊料合金中重金属元素浸出行为的研究

选用Sn.3.5Ag-0.5Cu、Sn-3.5Ag、Sn-0.5Cu无铅焊料合金及它们与Cu的钎焊接头,研究了它们在典型的酸性、碱性和盐溶液中的重金属元素的浸出规律.结果表明,焊料合金中的主要浸出元素Sn在酸性或碱性溶液中的浸出量都不是太多,而在NaCl盐溶液中浸出量增大2个数量级.制备成钎焊接头后,在酸性环境中,Sn-3.5Ag和Sn.0.5Cu钎焊接头中Sn的浸出量增加1个数量级以上,而在NaOH碱性环境中.Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu钎焊接头中Sn的浸出量相对较高.该结果对电子垃圾填埋环境选择及相关决策提供了参考.     

基于Agent建模的农户土地利用行为模拟研究——以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例

以Agent强化学习（Reinforcement Learning）模型框架为基础,选择政策、市场、Agent自身及与其它Agent相互作用、土壤肥沃程度等因素作为Agent对环境认识的基础,结合环境反馈值,初步构建了农户土地利用行为决策模型,这对于从微观主体层面揭示土地利用变化的内在机理具有重要意义。论文以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例,采用农户Agent强化学习模型,模拟了农户土地利用行为,得出以下3个结论：①经过对Agent强化学习模型的检验和验证（按面积统计误差率为5.5%）,认为该模型较适合于微观层面农户土地利用行为的研究;②该模型可定量表达政策、市场、农户自身及与其他农户相互作用等因素对农户土地利用行为决策的影响;③与离散函数的土地利用决策相比,应用连续函数表达农户的土地利用决策比较符合实际农户决策状况（农户最终决策中玉米、蔬菜和其它作物的决策值分别为0.3233、0.4035和0.2732）。同时,在文章的最后还分析了需要进一步研究和探讨的问题：①模型在实现农户决策的空间位置方面取得一定进展,但还存在决策位置失误的问题,函待进一步的研究;②对于影响农户决策的自然因素,探讨定量化表达其对农户影响作用,是下一步研究的重点。     

Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior of norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

Effects of temperature and surfactants on naphthalene and phenanthrene sorption by soil

Adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the sorption behaviors of naphthalene and phenanthrene in six different soils and to determine the effects of temperature, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and cetylrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on sorption. The results show that for a given sorbent phenanthrene exhibited greater nonlinear and stronger sorption than naphthalene. There was a strong negative correlation for the Koc values with organic carbon content (foc). The increase of temperature was not favorable to sorption. Sorption decreased along with the increasing aqueous LAS concentration from 0 to 1000 mg/L. At low CTAB concentration (＜ 100 mg/L), the adsorption increased as CTAB hemimicelles formed on the soil surface. At high concentration, CTAB decreased the adsorption by occupying active hydrophobic adsorption sites and solubilization of naphthalene and phenanthrene.     

绿色消费行为理论探讨及国内现状分析

推进绿色消费是缓解环境压力的根本途径之一。从消费者心理与行为出发,研究我国居民绿色消费行为的特点和规律,对推进我国绿色消费具有积极作用。本文从消费者心理统计特征出发,探讨了绿色消费行为的影响因素和决策机制,在此基础上,分析了当前我国居民绿色消费行为的特征,并提出了相应建议。     

基于SEM的船员不安全行为研究

为研究船员不安全行为对船舶事故的影响程度,选取环境、身心状况等作为人不安全行为的影响因素,建立假设关系,运用结构方程(SEM)构建因素之间的关系模型,计算各变量之间的作用效应值.结果 表明:环境因素中工作氛围、工作设备和工作环境对不安全行为的减少有正向影响,但工作氛围产生的效应更明显;身心状态中心理因素和生理因素对不安全行为的减少有正向影响,两个因素对不安全行为产生的效应接近;工作环境和工作氛围通过影响船员的身心状态间接影响船员的不安全行为.船员的不安全行为影响因素对于船员管理起到重要作用,对增进船舶的安全具有重要意义.     

考虑从众阈值和主体特征的人群疏散元胞自动机模型*

为研究从众行为对人群疏散效率的影响,建立考虑从众阈值和主体特征的人群疏散元胞自动机模型,通过引入从众阈值反映人群中不同个体的从众选择程度,耦合每个主体不同特征属性、不同人员认知能力导致的疏散从众选择差异,利用元胞自动机模拟人群运动状态及动态演化过程,探究从众行为对人群疏散过程的作用规律。结果表明:人群疏散中选择从众行为的人员比例与整体疏散效率存在对应关系,本模型原始工况下,当人群中约60%的人员做出从众选择时,疏散效率相对最优。