黄菖蒲有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

采用液液萃取的方法得到黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)水浸提液的有机酸组分,抑藻实验表明高浓度有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长具有明显的抑制作用,表现为添加1和2 mL有机酸组分时,第6天铜绿微囊藻生物量显著降低,培养过程中,铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量逐渐减少,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,表明有机酸组分能够明显抑制铜绿微囊藻SOD的活性,引起细胞的氧化损伤,促进叶绿素的分解,从而导致藻类死亡。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对有机酸组分进行分析,鉴定出24种有机酸类物质,其中包括15种脂肪酸类物质和9种酚酸类物质。根据总离子流图中各物质的峰面积得到脂肪酸类物质的相对含量为19.01%,其中相对含量超过1%的有琥珀酸、辛酸、软脂酸、丁酸和戊酸;酚酸类物质的相对含量为16.98%,其中相对含量超过1%的有苯甲酸、苯乙酸、苯丙酸、氢化肉桂酸和苯乙酸甲酯。     

久效磷对海洋微藻毒性机理的初步研究III.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化

报道了久效磷对3种海洋微藻细胞内2种清除活性氧的关键性酶--超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果显示:1.在久效磷的胁迫下,扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势,而叉鞭金藻细胞的SOD活性时而上升,时而下降,在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化.2.随着久效磷胁迫时间的延长,3种微藻细胞的过氧化物酶活性均逐渐下降,表现出相同的变化规律性.这说明不同的藻种,久效磷对其细胞内酶活性的影响不尽相同.推测超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的降低是微藻细胞内过量产生活性氧,进而引起藻细胞膜脂过氧化伤害的主要原因之一.     

转野生荠菜凝集素基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓的影响

在实验室条件下分别给赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)饲喂在自然状况下可能接受的棉叶最高添加量和2倍最高添加量的转野生荠菜凝集素(WSA)基因棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)叶片,并以其亲本棉花叶片为对照,以牛粪为阴性对照,以农药为阳性对照,研究种植转WSA基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓死亡率、生长及繁殖的影响。结果表明,在49 d的试验周期内,与取食亲本棉花叶片的赤子爱胜蚓相比,取食转WSA基因棉花叶片的赤子爱胜蚓的死亡率,体质量,GST、SOD、纤维素酶活性以及蚓茧数和小蚯蚓数均无显著差异,未发现转WSA基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓有不利影响。     

镉致植物叶绿素及组织细胞免疫损伤的发光分析

通过对实验室内人工静养植物的镉离子胁迫,与环境自然生长植物进行对比研究,发现Cd2+可不同程度地影响植物叶绿素发光,植物在受Cd2+胁迫后,叶绿素发光及细胞SOD活性有较明显变化.应用超微弱化学发光分析叶绿素可有效反映植物受污染后生产能力的变化.因而叶绿素和SOD可作为有效的生物标志物反映重金属对生物体毒害的程度.     

植物SOD活性变化与其抗污能力的关系

研究了模拟酸雨、ＳＯ２单独与复合污染对水杉、杉木、龙柏３种抗污能力不同的植物ＳＯＤ活性、细胞汁酸度、细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明，ＳＯＤ的活性经污染后变化规律在不同植物有所不同，而这种变化与其抗污能力有关。ＳＯＤ活性升高者，其抗污能力强，反之则弱，与本底值大小无关。     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

直链烷基苯磺酸钠对鲤鱼的慢性毒性损伤的酶学诊断

本文研究了LAS对鲤鱼不同组织部位SOD的损伤程度。说明低浓度的LAS可导致鲤鱼各组织的氧化损失 ,可以考虑SOD活性作为该类化合物对水环境污染胁迫的敏感生物指示物。     

三丁基氯化锡对红鳍笛鲷的急性毒性及不同组织生化指标的影响

为研究有机锡化合物对海洋生物抗氧化防御系统和神经系统的影响,以我国东南沿海常见的中下层增养殖鱼类红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythopterus)幼鱼为实验生物,采用半静态毒性实验方法,分别研究了三丁基氯化锡(tributyltin chloride,TBTCl)的急性毒性和96 h暴露时间内对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼鳃、脑和...     

Effect of chromium on accumulation and antioxidants in Cucumis utillissimus L.: Response under enhanced bioavailability condition

This study compares the accumulation of Cr(VI) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cysteine contents) and roles of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utillissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil (CS) with garden soil (GS). Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) addition to the soil to forecast the plant’s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and APX) and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS. The increase in GPX and APX activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus.