Effect of cerium on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean seedling exposed to supplementary ultraviolet-B radiation

Effects of cerium （Ce^3＋） on photosynthetic characteristics were investigated by hydroponics under laboratory conditions when soybean seedlings were exposed to two levels of supplementary UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation badly inhibited the photosynthesis in soybean seedling, leading to a reduction in net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, Hill reaction activity, light saturated photosynthetic rate （Ps） and apparent quanta yield （AQY）, as well as the CO2 and light saturated photosynthetic rate （Pro） and carboxulation efficiency （CE）. On the contrary, Ce obviously promoted the photosynthesis of plants by increasing Hill reaction activity, accelerating electron transport and photophosphorylation, and enhancing carboxylation efficiency. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the values of photosynthetic parameters were still lower than those of the control, but obviously higher than those of UV-B treatment. The results indicated that Ce alleviated the inhibition of UV-B radiation on the photosynthesis in soybean seedling to a certain extent. In correlating of Pn with Hill activity, AQY and CE, we found that the changes of photosynthetic rate were mainly influenced by the regulating effect of Ce on Hill activity and AQY at low level （0.15 W/m^2） of UV-B radiation, but were dominated by the regulating effect of Ce on CE at high level （0.45 W/m^2）. Thus, Ce could regulate many aspects in photosynthesis of soybean seedling under UV-B stress. The regulating mechanism was close related with the dosage of UV-B radiation.     

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.     

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

基于循环神经网络的洞庭湖水位预测研究

洞庭湖流域分布了3个重要的自然保护区,是我国大型淡水湖泊湿地系统之一,生态资源丰富.水位是维持其生态系统结构、功能和完整性的基础.为预测长江和流域"四水"来水组合影响下的洞庭湖水位变化,该文采用两种循环神经网络方法——长短期记忆(LSTM)和门控循环单元(GRU),构建了洞庭湖水位变化的预测模型.LSTM和GRU的优势在于能够学习网络的输入和输出之间的长期依赖关系,这对于模拟受上游来水影响的水位累积变化至关重要.模型以湘江、资水、沅江、澧水入湖流量和长江干流宜昌站前期流量作为输入条件,预测洞庭湖不同湖区的水位变化过程.利用1980～2002年水位流量时间序列数据对模型进行测试,2003～2014年数据进行验证,并对两种模型的预测结果进行了比较.结果表明:(1)循环神经网络LSTM和GRU方法均可合理预测洞庭湖水位的变化过程,NSE和R2均为0.91～0.95,各站水位预测的RMSE值为0.41～0.86 m,NSE和R2均为0.91～0.95;(2)LSTM的预测精度稍高于GRU,但GRU计算更高效,是LSTM一个很好的替代方案;(3)模型能够较准确的模拟一次洪水事件,洪水位的预测值与真实值的最大相对误差低于5％;且模型具有较好的多步长时间序列预测能力,有在水文模型应用方面的潜力.     

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料和溴酸盐对萼花臂尾轮虫的联合毒性作用

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(polystyrene nanoplastics, PSNPs)和溴酸盐(BrO■)广泛存在于水环境中,会对水生生物产生不利影响。为了探究PSNPs和溴酸钠(NaBrO₃)共存条件下对轮虫的联合毒性效应,以萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)为受试生物,探究了PSNPs(0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1)、NaBrO₃(0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1)以及它们的联合作用对轮虫生命表参数、种群增长、个体及卵大小的影响。PSNPs和NaBrO₃单一及联合暴露显著影响萼花臂尾轮虫的生命表参数,其中,内禀增长率是最为灵敏的参数。0.1 mg·L^-1PSNPs和0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1 NaBrO₃联合暴露使轮虫个体显著减小,0.001 mg·L^-1 PSNPs和0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1 NaBrO₃     

氟与硒对大型溞的联合毒性研究

研究氟离子与四价硒、氟离子与六价硒对大型溞的急性联合毒性,并采用相加指数法和毒性单位分析法评价其联合效应。结果表明,氟离子与两种价态硒的联合毒性都为拮抗作用;氟与四价硒的拮抗作用程度大于氟与六价硒的作用;氟离子与四价硒在不同浓度比例下混合作用,其拮抗作用程度不同,并呈一定规律性变化     

环境监测在生态环境保护中的作用及发展策略研究

环境监测在生态环境保护中扮演着重要的角色。生态环境保护中的主要环境监测技术包括大气、水、土壤和噪声等多个方面。对于不同的环境问题,需要采用不同的环境监测技术。本文重点探讨了环境监测在生态环境保护中的巨大作用和主要发展策略。通过本文的探讨,可以更好地了解环境监测在生态环境保护中的作用,促进环境监测的进一步发展。     

长波紫外线对M13mp2噬菌体的致突变作用

以野生型大肠菌CSH50及mutM缺陷的大肠菌MF67为宿主,检测了长波紫外线（UVA）对M13mp2噬菌体单链DNAlacZα基因区域的致突变能力。结果显示,UVA照射可引起噬菌体lacZα基因区域的突变,在mutM缺陷的宿主中,UVA照射的致突变作用更明显。进一步研究了抗氧化剂甘露醇对UVA照射致突变作用的影响,结果显示,0.1mol/L的甘露醇可以部分拮抗UVA的致突变作用。说明UVA照射具有致突变作用,这种作用可能与DNA的氧化损伤有关     

铁内电解法处理硝基苯类废水的机理与展望

硝基苯类化合物是广泛应用的化工原料 ,目前它们已造成了严重的环境污染 ,并危及人体的健康。利用内电解法处理环境污染物的方法目前倍受青睐 ,本文介绍了内电解法处理硝基苯类废水的作用机理、硝基苯类化合物的转化途径 ,概述了内电解法去污的影响因素 ,探讨了其发展动向。