SOS!农村水资源告急！

一直以来,很多人都错误地认为农村不缺水。除农村安全饮用水工程之外,农村水资源问题似乎并没有引起相关部门的足够重视。然而一个不争的事实是,我国农村地区缺水现象异常突出：河流断流、地表水污染、池塘沟渠干涸……导致农业减产、农民减收等一系列问题的出现。     

China＇s Land Carrying Capacity Based on Man-grain Relationships

With population growth and increasing pressure on land resources, land carrying capacity （LCC） and food safety have been attracting great attention worldwide. From the point of man-grain relationship and by establishing LCC and land carrying capacity index （LCCI） models, this article firstly analyzes the spatial-temporal dynamics of LCC of China from 1949 to 2005 at county, provincial and national levels. Choosing 2005 as a representative year, this article then evaluates the LCC of 264 pastoral regions （semipastoral regions）, 663 urban regions and 592 poverty stricken regions of the country. The results show that： （1） from 1949 to 2005, with the increase of grain production, the LCC of China has been improved conspicuously, but due to the rapid population growth, the production can only maintain a low level grain consumption; （2） over the past 25 years （1980-2005）, the number of population overloading provinces decreased from 23 to 15 and the mangrain relationship has been improved gradually, but there were more overloading provinces than surplus provinces in China; （3） at county level, there were 1572 overloading counties in 1980 accounting for 68.26% of the total counties of the country and where were 649 million people lived, while in 1990, 2000 and 2005, the number of overloading counties were 1066, 1133 and 1087 respectively, which shows that the man-grain relationship has been improved obviously during the past 25 years; as for spatial distribution, the surplus counties were mainly concentrated in agriculture developed regions, such as Northeast Plain, North China Plain, middle and lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, and overloading counties were mainly located in regions with poor natural environment and low grain production capacity, such as Northwest China, Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau and economically developed urban regions, such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai; （4） animal husbandry improved greatly the LCC of pastoral and semi-pastoral regions, while urban regions were overloading for increasing population pressure and more than half of poverty stricken regions were overloading due to critical natural environment and poor economic conditions.     

Change of Flood Patterns in China under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities

Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.     

Regional Disparities in China＇s Mainland at Provincial Level Between 2000 and 2005

Based on the methodology provided by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, we analyze regional disparities in China＇s mainland at provincial level between 2000 and 2005. It regards regional GDP growth as the joint result of contribution of a number of factors, i.e. capital productivity, capital per manpower, specialization, employment rate, active population, and population. The results show that for all provincial units, capital per manpower is a dominant contributing factor to the growth of GDP per capita during the period from 2000 to 2005 while capital productivity has quite significant negative impacts. Specialization contributes differently in different provinces. In most provincial units, employment rate and age activity have a positive impact on growth of GDP per capita, though not very significantly.     

它山之石可以攻玉——缩小国内企业与世界一流企业安全管理水罢距的实践和探索

目前,无锡新区已成为无锡地区二市七区中最重的经济砝码之一。美、德、法等发达国家都在无锡新区建立了独资企业。海力土、柯达、朗盛等国际知名跨国公司的产品、工艺、装备、规模等堪称世界一流,安全生产管理水平也很高。对比新区范围内的股份制企业、民营企业,特别是一些个体工商户安全理念淡薄,管理水平低下的现状,笔者觉得很有必要借鉴跨国公司的安全生产管理模式和经验,     

从事具有职业危害工作的作业人员更需要注意营养（连载）

(续上期) 12 低温环境作业人员的物质代谢与补充 温带人到寒冷地区工作后,发生明显的生理变化.短时间暴露在严寒中引起应激变化,也有对长时间在低温条件下气候适应过程的改变.寒冷地区食品生产供给特点,饮食和营养的较大改变,也可对机体生理状态发生影响.为适应寒带地区人员所出现的特殊生理变化,应对其营养和饮食加以调整.     

江苏省沿江环境治理投资4年增10倍

近日,从江苏省发改委获悉,江苏省沿江地区环境污染治理投资额已从2003年的16．88亿元增加到2007年的180亿元。目前沿江地区建成污水处理厂100多座,累计建成日污水处理能力360万t,提前3年且超额完成2010年规划目标。5年来,在地区生产总值增加1．5倍的情况下,长江江苏段总体水质始终保持地表水二类标准,     

丘陵欠发达地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴融合研究——基于南充市仪陇县521户的调查数据

基于丘陵欠发达地区数为0.307,乡村振兴评价指数为0.252,7个乡镇的脱贫攻坚评价指数均高于乡村振兴评价指数。②仪陇县脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴耦合协调度为0.3729,属于轻度失调状态。7个乡镇的脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴耦合协调度处于0. 3814—0. 4640范围内,其中有3个乡镇处于轻度失调状态,4个乡镇则处于濒临失调状态。③家庭人均收入水平是影响仪陇县脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴耦合协调发展的主要因子。基于上述实证结果,提出仪陇县应聚焦乡村振兴各个维度的均衡发展,不断健全政策、人才、产业、组织和生态保障机制,以实现区域经济社会高质量发展的建议。     

我国北方沙漠化治理的行为模式与制度安排分析

本文依据制度经济学和发展经济学理论,阐述了制度安排对于实现我国北方沙漠化地区沙漠化逆转的关键意义,提出激励不相容的制度安排是影响我国沙漠化治理成效的根本原因。指出要摆脱治沙所面临的困境,必须加紧进行制度安排的调整。     

我国开发区土地资源配置效率的区域差异研究

应用比较优势理论，以国家级53个经济技术开发区为例。研究了不同区域间开发区土地利用的比较优势。结果表明。按照区域土地利用的比较优势来配置土地资源能够提高土地利用的总福利水平。整体上．中西部国家级开发区的比较优势高于东部地区：而区域内部东部地区的京津苏沪及中西部地区的中心城市在开发区建设用地的利用上具有比较优势。因此，按照开发区土地利用的比较优势度计算结果，在排除开发区自身发育不完善和管理层面因素后，对于确实不适宜进行开发区工业建设的应进行空间布局的调整，恢复其农业生产；而对于比较优势度较高的地区可根据实际需要增设相应的开发区。以实现耕地保护与开发区建设的双赢。