变压器的火灾危险性及其防护措施

1变压器的火灾危险性及其原因 目前,我国常用的变压器是油浸式变压器. 油浸式变压器内部的绝缘衬垫和支架是采用纸、纸板、棉纱、布、木材、油等大量可燃物质.变压器在运行时,绕组、铁芯都会发出大量的热,使温度升高,这就加速了绝缘层老化,易发生短路;由于雷击、闪电等外部电压形成电弧,产生火花和高温,会使油分解气化,变压器内部压力急剧增加,造成外壳爆裂,发生大量喷油燃烧,造成巨大的损失.     

Fraction distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Moshui Lake

To examine the status and risk of heavy metal pollution in urban lakes, in China, the distribution of several heavy metals (e.g., Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sediment of Moshui Lake, Hangyang District, Wuhan City, was characterized. The process of rapid urbanization and industrialization of the district was also studied to find out its relationship with the metal accumulation profile in the sediment. It was found that the total concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than the severe e ect level (SEL), at all sampling sites, except those in the riparian zone. The Cr and Cu maximum concentrations were 1,780 and 1,250 mg/kg, approximately 16 and 11 times as much as the SEL values, and they appeared as deep as 32 cm in one sample. The carbonate and exchangeable fractions of Zn were more than 50% of the total Zn content, resulting in very high risk according to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC). For Cu and Ni, a medium RAC value was found for carbonate and exchangeable fractions of 11%–20%. As sensitive indicators of contaminants in aquatic systems, heavy metals in the sediment reflect the outcome of regional urbanization, industrialization, and environmental management. With rapid urbanization, sedimentary Pb and Zn concentrations increased. The experimental results showed that high sedimentary heavy metal concentrations had resulted from rapid urbanization and industrialization, which would absolutely lead to substantial aquatic environmental decline in urban lakes.     

盐州变电站330kV主变压器带载能力不足分析

针对盐州330 kV变电站330 kV 1号、2号主变压器温升异常,带载能力不足问题,通过对变压器冷却器实体检查及温升实测值与理论计算对比分析,找出问题原因并提出了解决方案。分析及应用结果表明:变压器带载能力不足是由冷却器散热效率太低引起,更新冷却器后,变压器温升及带载能力达到额定要求,变压器恢复安全稳定运行。     

特高压变压器水成膜泡沫全尺寸灭火污染研究

为了探究灭火的环境污染，开展了特高压变压器水成膜泡沫全尺寸灭火试验，采集大气、水体及土壤样品进行分析。首先，利用气体分析仪测得灭火瞬间CO、SO和NO₂的体积分数远超标准阈值，同时使用气相色谱/质谱联用仪发现大气中存在氟碳表面活性剂和轻质支链烷烃等。通过液相萃取-气相色谱/质谱试验，测定水体内的有机污染物主要为乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇丁醚和重质正构烷烃。X射线荧光光谱仪检测出灭火后土壤中铜元素明显提升，热脱附-气相色谱/质谱测定土壤中的有机成分主要是未充分燃烧的变压器油和本该存在于烟气中的的4-乙基邻二甲苯和1,3-二甲基-4-乙基苯。这些研究对水成膜泡沫灭火的环境污染治理、灾后评估和灭火剂的改良具有一定指导意义。     

压缩空气泡沫系统在换流站消防提升工程中的应用

针对传统变压器设计的固定灭火系统,如水喷雾灭火系统、泡沫喷雾灭火系统在实际应用中均难以高效扑灭变压器火灾。而以变压器消防灭火措施提升为主要内容的变电站/换流站消防提升工程中,新型灭火系统如压缩空气泡沫系统(Compressed Air Foam System,简称CAFS)已进入到应用阶段。介绍压缩空气泡沫灭火剂在变压器火灾中的应用优势,并以某在运换流站消防提升工程为例,介绍压缩空气泡沫在换流站消防提升工程中的应用措施,主要内容为:在不改变原站内消防系统的同时,加装压缩空气泡沫消防炮灭火系统,并增设移动举高消防机器人。