分离浮罩式沼气池在车八岭国家级自然保护区的实践与探索

在农村生态建设中,沼气在减少自然资源的消耗和发展农业经济等方面都具有重要作用,深受群众的欢迎。分离浮罩式沼气池性能优越,克服了固定水压式沼气池许多缺点,具有良好的社会、经济和生态效益。本文介绍了分离浮罩式沼气池在车八岭国家级自然保护区的实践与探索经验,对沼气在保护区及其他地方的推广具有重要的借鉴意义。     

飞机地面积/除冰环境模拟与试验研究

飞机地面积冰是飞机进入冬季安全飞行的重要隐患,很多飞行事故都是因为没有清除飞机表面的积冰而造成的。基于对飞机地面积/除冰的真实环境的分析,在低温湿热试验箱中模拟积/除冰时的大气条件,对机翼积/除冰进行试验研究。通过改变环境温度、除冰液温度、流量、浓度等影响因素,利用光纤式结冰传感器得到不同环境条件下,除冰液参数对除冰过程的影响数据,并对这些数据进行了分析。试验结果表明该装置能有效地模拟飞机地面积/除冰过程,数据分析显示飞机地面结冰过程主要受外界环境温度,湿度(空气的水含量)的影响;对飞机地面除冰来说,除冰液温度参数是除冰效果达到最佳的关键因素。     

改性活性氧化铝除磷性能的试验

为提高活性氧化铝对废水中磷的去除效果,以硫酸铝为改性剂,采用浸渍法对其进行改性;测定了改性前后活性氧化铝的比表面积及孔容孔径;考察了吸附时间、pH、废水初始浓度、改性剂投加量等因素对去除废水中磷的影响;探讨了改性活性氧化铝对磷的吸附机理.结果表明,改性后活性氧化铝的比表面积为398.364 m2/g,提高了14.22%...     

利用太阳能压缩垃圾

在不少街道上,尤其是市中心商业区的街道上,垃圾桶很快就被塞满了。如果清洁工人没有及时来收走垃圾,多余的垃圾就从垃圾桶溢出来,非常影响市容的美观。为了解决这个问题,英国研究人员开发出了一种可以压缩垃圾的太阳能垃圾桶。而且,它还是一款智能垃圾桶,在     

Biological nutrient removal by internal circulation upflow sludge blanket reactor after landfill leachate pretreatment

The removal of biological nutrient from mature landfill leachate with a high nitrogen load by an internal circulation upflow sludge blanket （ICUSB） reactor was studied. The reactor is a set of anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic （A^2/O） bioreactors, developed on the basis of an expended granular sludge blanket （EGSB）, granular sequencing batch reactor （GSBR） and intermittent cycle extended aeration system （ICEAS）. Leachate was subjected to stripping by agitation process and poly ferric sulfate coagulation as a pretreatment process, in order to reduce both ammonia toxicity to microorganisms and the organic contents. The reactor was operated under three different operating systems, consisting of recycling sludge with air （A^2/O）, recycling sludge without air （low oxygen） and a combination of both （A^2/O and low oxygen）. The lowest effluent nutrient levels were realised by the combined system of A^2/O and low oxygen, which resulted in effluent of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH3-N and biological oxygen demand （BOD5） concentrations of 98.20, 13.50 and 22.50 mg/L. The optimal operating conditions for the efficient removal of biological nutrient using the ICUSB reactor were examined to evaluate the influence of the parameters on its performance. The results showed that average removal efflciencies of COD and NH3- N of 96.49% and 99.39%, respectively were achieved under the condition of a hydraulic retention time of 12 hr, including 4 hr of pumping air into the reactor, with dissolved oxygen at an rate of 4 mg/L and an upflow velocity 2 m/hr. These combined processes were successfully employed and effectively decreased pollutant loading.     

Effects of idle time on biological phosphorus removal by sequencing batch reactors

Three identical sequencing batch reactors （SBRs） were operated to investigate the effects of various idle times on the biological phosphorus （P） removal. The idle times were set to 3 hr （R1）, 10 hr （R2） and 17 hr （R3）. The results showed that the idle time of a SBR had potential impact on biological phosphorus removal, especially when the influent phosphorus concentration increased. The phosphorus removal efficiencies of the R2 and R3 systems declined dramatically compared with the stable R1 system, and the Prelease and P-uptake rates of the R3 system in particular decreased dramatically. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed that uncultured Pseudomonas sp. （GQ183242.1） and β-Proteobacteria （AY823971） were the dominant phosphorus removal bacteria for the R1 and R2 systems, while uncultured γ-Proteobacteria were the dominant phosphorus removal bacteria for the R3 system. Glycogen-accumulating organisms （GAOs）, such as uncultured Sphingomonas sp. （AM889077）, were found in the R2 and R3 systems. Overall, the R1 system was the most stable and exhibited the best phosphorus removal efficiency. It was found that although the idle time can be prolonged to allow the formation of intracellular polymers when the phosphorus concentration of the influent is low, systems with a long idle time can become unstable when the influent phosphorus concentration is increased.     

混凝—淹没式曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理洗衣废水

利用混凝与淹没式曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺对洗衣废水进行了90d的研究。工程运行结果表明,洗衣废水经混凝后,COD平均下降52.9%,TP平均下降92.1%。混凝出水再经过曝气生物滤池进一步处理,最终出水水质为COD≤50mg/L,NH3≤2.57mg/L,TP≤0.27mg/L。     

连续搅拌釜式反应器放热反应失控事故预防

运用敏感度方法研究连续搅拌釜式反应器(CSTR)放热反应的参数敏感性行为及规律,探讨CSTR反应器的安全操作区域和敏感操作区域。研究发现:无因次活化能小于4的反应系统,其整个操作参数空间都是安全的;无因次活化能大于4的反应系统,只有选择无因次活化能小于其临界值,反应系统才能安全、稳定地运行;临界无因次反应热的值与无因次丹克莱尔数和无因次反应热有关;丹克莱尔数和无因次反应热越大,则临界无因次反应热越小,安全操作区域也越小。     

管壳式余热锅炉适用标准的探讨

通过对管壳式余热锅炉的典型结构分析和主要受压元件设计、制造、检验等方面适用标准的探讨，笔者建议有关的标准制定与管理部门应及时地编制专门的《管壳式余热锅炉》标准或相关规定，以规范管壳式余热锅炉设计、制造、检验，保障产品和人身安全。     

三种MBR工艺在中水回用中的应用研究

我国是淡水资源匮乏的国家，探讨中水回用技术具有一定的经济效益和社会效益；文章从一体式MBR、分置式MBR、复合式MBR三种工艺原理及实践运用为基础，探讨三种工艺的各自特点，并从经济和工艺等方面予以比较。为不同规模和技术条件的企业、污水处理厂选取适当的工艺类型提供参考。