三聚磷酸二氢铝对Cs+的吸附动力学和热力学

采用静态吸附法研究三聚磷酸二氢铝吸附铯离子的动力学和热力学.考察了温度、浓度、粒径、pH和搅拌速度对吸附过程的影响,通过不同温度下的吸附等温热力学性能的变化,计算了吸附焓、吸附熵和自由能.结果表明:在实验范围内,三聚磷酸二氢铝对铯离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温办程式,过程受颗粒扩散控制,反应级数为1.03,29...     

琉基纤维素对水中Cr(VI)离子的吸附研究

制备了巯基纤维素并用其对含Cr(VI)离子的溶液进行了静态吸附实验.研究了pH值、吸附时间、反应温度、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在pH值为2、Cr(VI)浓度为50 mg/L和吸附剂为0.5 g时,常温条件下吸附6h后,Cr(VI)去除率达到99.2%,吸附反应符合Langmuir和Freundlic...     

粉煤灰基质复合滤料吸附Mn^2＋试验研究

以粉煤灰基质复合滤料为吸附材料,通过单因素和正交实验相结合的实验方法,考察了吸附滤料投加量、吸附时间、原水初始浓度、振荡频率、温度等因素对除锰效果的影响。从单因素实验可知：随着滤料质量的增大,Mn2＋去除率在开始时增长幅度较大,后来逐渐趋于平缓。在正交实验中固定滤料投加量为300 g/L,发现在锰离子的吸附过程中,吸附时间的影响最大,随后分别是原水浓度和温度,振荡频率的影响程度最小。     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, North West Cameroon

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall events （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, Ndop plain, Ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋ 〉 Ca2＋ 〉 Mg2~ 〉 Na＋ for cations and NO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/Na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that N a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to Na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/Na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and NO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.     

乙酰胺低共熔离子液体吸收SO_2的研究

制备了3种乙酰胺-无机盐类低共熔离子液体,测定了其物理性质并将其应用于SO2气体的吸收。结果表明,这些低共熔离子液体具有和传统离子液体相似的性质,例如熔点低、粘度低、密度高、电导率高以及较宽的液态范围。此类离子液体对SO2气体有较好的吸收能力,而且吸收量和温度的关系满足二次多项式方程。红外光谱结果表明吸收是可逆的,回收的离子液体可高效重复使用至少5次。乙酰胺-硫氰酸钠(3∶1)对SO2的质量分数吸收量为0.554 g/g(20℃,1 atm),具有吸收量高、成本低和易回收的优势,是一个很有前景的SO2吸收剂。     

锌离子对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能的影响

通过序批实验的方法,直接接种厌氧氨氧污泥,研究了Zn2＋对厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）脱氮效能的影响。研究结果表明,当进水Zn2＋质量浓度小于2 mg/L时,对厌氧氨氧化生物活性有促进作用,可增强微生物的脱氮效能;当进水Zn2＋质量浓度在2 mg/L和4 mg/L之间时,脱氮效能无明显变化,说明对厌氧氨氧化微生物活性无明显影响;当进水Zn2＋质量浓度大于4 mg/L,对厌氧氨氧化反应有抑制作用,Zn2＋浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。 Zn2＋对厌氧氨氧化的半抑制质量浓度（CI,50）为32.3 mg/L,NO2--N与NH4＋-N转化比的平均值为1.28。     

Lindet ypeF(K)沸石对Zn~(2+)的吸附研究

利用粉煤灰合成Linde type F(K)沸石吸附重金属Zn2+,考察吸附剂量、pH值、反应温度对Zn 2+吸附效果影响,研究沸石吸附Zn2+的等温线与动力学,得到了相应的模型。结果表明:吸附剂量、pH值、反应温度均对Zn2+去除效果影响显著。随着吸附剂量增大,Zn 2+去除效果不断提高,饱和吸附量逐渐减小。初始pH值为3~7时,沸石对Zn2+去除率随pH值升高迅速提高。反应温度越高,沸石吸附Zn2+到达平衡时间越短。沸石对Zn2+吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其吸附为单分子层吸附;准二级反应动力学方程能很好描述沸石对Zn2+的吸附行为。     

Fenton试剂氧化法在工业废水处理中的应用研究

Fenton试剂的氧化能力强,反应过程短,降解效果好,本文中介绍了Fenton试剂的特点,并且通过实验得出几种无机离子对Fenton试剂氧化处理工业废水的影响。     

不同浓度Cd~(2+)对酿酒酵母的毒害作用研究

以"模式生物"——酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为载体,通过测定酵母细胞的生物量、活细胞/死细胞的计数比值以及胞外聚合物(EPS)的含量,研究了不同浓度的Cd2+(Cd2+浓度分别为0.0mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L、8.0mg/L)对酿酒酵母的毒害作用。试验结果表明:当Cd2+浓度小于或等于0.1mg/L时,活细胞/死细胞的计数比值随着时间的推移分别降低了7.86和8.37,在0.5 mg/L、1.0 mg/L和2.0mg/L的Cd2+浓度下,活细胞/死细胞的计数比值则分别上升了3.35、5.64和0.89,8.0mg/L浓度的Cd2+则会完全抑制酵母细胞的增殖,活细胞/死细胞的计数比值波动在0.86~1.11之间;同时,随着Cd2+浓度的上升,酵母细胞的生物量会逐渐减少,0.1mg/L浓度的Cd2+对酵母细胞生物量无明显影响,0.5~8.0mg/L浓度的Cd2+可使酵母细胞生物量比不含Cd2+的培养基分别下降了7.01%、35.14%、59.89%和96.86%;此外,0.5 mg/L和1.0mg/L浓度的Cd2+能显著刺激酵母细胞分泌更多的EPS,增幅分别为20.26%和7.54%。上述结果表明酵母细胞在一定的Cd2+浓度下可以通过提高EPS的产量来抵御Cd2+对细胞的毒性作用。