强混合型河口海域三维──多层二维平面扩散综合模型的研究及应用

根据强混合型河口海域的水流条件及边界条件特点，对温排水污染源，从物理机制入手，提出了三维──多层二维平面扩散综合模型，通过对实际河口海域流速场和温度场的模拟计算可看出。该模型具有较好的精度和实用价值。     

离子色谱法测定降水中阴离子含量的测量不确定度评定

使用离子色谱法,论述了测定降水中F-、CL-、NO3-、SO42-测量不确定度的方法,同时指出测量中可能导致不确定度的来源。     

重庆市植烟土壤中镁的化学行为研究

采用原子吸收分光光度计测定经过连续浸提的土样中镁的化学性能.结果表明,重庆市植烟土样中水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态、残留态镁的含量分别为0.01、0.59、0.15、0.6、0.63cmol/kg,各形态所占的百分比分别为0.5%,29.7%,7.5%,30.3%,32%,均低于0.8～1.6cmol/kg的正常水平.植烟土壤对镁的最大吸附量为1.25mg/g,吸附作用较好,故适量施加镁肥将会促进烟叶质量的提高.     

浅析固体废物交换

介绍了废物交换概念和类型,阐述了废物交换的由来、交换流程,以及废物交换在中国的基本情况,提出了有效实施固体废物交换的途径。     

零价铁去除水中锑(Sb)的研究

锑(Sb)是一种新兴的全球性污染物,在我国西南Sb矿区及周边地区Sb污染严重。本文研究了零价铁(ZVI)对Sb的去除效果,研究了ZVI投加量、Sb的初始浓度、pH值及阴离子等因素的影响。结果表明,ZVI对Sb具有较好的去除效果。通过ZVI对Sb去除动力学拟合,Sb的去除符合一级动力学方程;Sb的去除效率在偏酸性条件下比较高,在pH=5时,去除率达到68.98%;在pH=7时,Sb的去除率仅有23.36%;无机阴离子均在不同程度上影响Sb的去除,特别是PO43-对ZVI去除Sb有明显的抑制作用。     

水中无机阴离子对UV/H2O2降解LAS的影响及机理

研究了UV/H₂O₂工艺对直链烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）的去除效果以及水中常见无机阴离子对LAS降解的影响和机理.结果表明,UV/H₂O₂工艺可以有效的去除水中LAS,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型.在H₂O₂投加量为8 mg·L^-1,14 W低压汞灯照射下,LAS在蒸馏水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.018 0 min^-1和0.012 2 min^-1;NO^-₃、Cl^-、SO^２－₄和HCO^-_３对LAS光降解有抑制作用,4种离子在浓度分别为5、10、15　mmol·L^-1时,对LAS光降解的抑制程度均为HCO^-_３>NO^-₃>Cl^->SO^２－₄;随着离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强;自来水中的光降解速率常数低于蒸馏水中的光降解速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果.     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

不同伴随阴离子对水稻土铜吸附-解吸的影响研究

以上海水稻土为样品,研究了不同伴随离子条件下土壤对铜盐的吸附解吸特性。结果表明:伴随阴离子为硝酸根、氯离子和硫酸根离时水稻土中对铜吸附量为硝酸根<氯离子<硫酸根。水稻土中对铜盐的解吸量为氯离子<硝酸根<硫酸根。     

离子交换树脂法高效提取水中硝酸盐研究

硝酸盐是水体中重要的污染物之一,硝酸盐中的稳定氮氧同位素组成可用于有效识别其污染来源,而水体中硝酸盐的高效提取是其氮氧同位素测试的前提和关键步骤。阴离子树脂交换法提取硝酸盐是目前普遍采用的方法,但对于提取效率的影响因素还缺乏深入研究。文章通过室内实验,探讨了国产717型阴离子树脂对硝酸盐的吸附效率,以及不同洗脱剂的洗脱效率,系统研究了水体中硝酸盐高效提取过程影响因素。结果表明:12.56 mL体积的国产717型树脂对NO3-的吸附量高达200 mg以上;40 mL 4 mol/L的KCl溶液对4 cm长的吸附树脂柱(直径2 cm)的洗脱效率可达95%以上;SO42-的对NO3-的吸附和洗脱具有显著的影响。