矿山变形监测网的图形结构本征

当前测量数据处理理论已经具备了较完善的理论体系,但是没有严格的从数值上去分析图形结构的本征,本文从监测网平差的角度出发,分三个方面对监测网的图形结构本征进行分析。     

再追踪：重金属污染防治与管理——土壤重金属污染现状与修复

土壤重金属污染是指由于人类的活动将重金属带入土壤中,致使土壤中重金属含量明显高于其自然背景值,并造成生态破坏和环境质量恶化的现象。随着人口快速增长,工业农业生产规模不断扩大,土壤重金属污染的形势越来越严峻,引发的问题越来越突出,已成为全球面临的一个严重的环境问题。重金属污染不仅导致土壤物理、化学和生物学性质发生改变,降低农作物的产量和质量,     

青海大柴旦及周边地区尾波衰减特性研究

采用Sato单次散射模型,利用大柴旦台数字地震资料,研究了大柴旦震群序列尾波Qc值在流逝时间窗长60～90 s时间内的变化特征,计算频率从3 Hz至18 Hz,得到Qc值随频率的变化关系：Qc（f）=（72±19.9）f0.93±0.08。计算结果反映出大柴旦地震余震序列的尾波Qc值较低,说明大柴旦震源区属于构造运动较为活跃的地区,这与大柴旦地质结构特征相符。     

谈企业施工安全培训的有效途径

0 引言 　　近年来,随着建筑市场的好转,基建行业出现了前所未有的机遇,然而更多的安全事故及安全隐患也日益增多,根据统计资料表明:除不可抗力因素之外,施工企业安全事故往往是由人的不安全行为及物的不安全状态决定的.但物的不安全状态需要依靠人来辨识和掌控.只有加强人的安全行为,才能有效地减少安全事故发生的概率.安全教育培训工作是加强人安全行为的有效途径,而增强安全培训工作的实效性是安全培训工作重中之重.……     

北京市2007年1月至8月份火灾分析

今年1月1日至8月31日,全市火灾形势总体平稳.据统计,全市共发生火灾6611起,死10人,伤35人,直接财产损失5707327元.与去年同期相比,火灾起数减少143起,降幅2.3%;死人减少25人,下降71.4%;伤人减少16人,降幅32%;直接财产损失减少2491844元,降幅33.6%.……     

《环境科学》再获“百种中国杰出学术期刊”称号

2010年11月26日,中国科学技术信息研究所在中国科技论文统计结果发布会上公布了2009年＂百种中国杰出学术期刊＂评选结果.《环境科学》再次荣获＂百种中国杰出学术期刊＂的称号,这也是自首次评选以来连续9次获此殊荣.     

《环境科学》多项引证指标名列前茅

2010年11月26日,中国科学技术信息研究所在中国科技论文统计结果发布会上公布了2009年度中国科技论文统计结果.统计结果显示2009年度《环境科学》多项引证指标位居环境科学技术、安全科学技术类期刊前列.     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

Remediation of copper polluted red soils with clay materials

Attapulgite and montmorillonite were utilized to remediate heavy metal polluted red soils in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The e ects of clay minerals on availability, chemical distribution, and biotoxicity of Cu and Zn were evaluated. The results provided a reference for the rational application of clay materials to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. From the sorption experiment, the maximum adsorbed Cu2+ by attapulgite and montmorillonite was 1501 and 3741 mg/kg, respectively. After polluted red soil was amended with attapulgite or montmorillonite and cultured at 30 and 60 days, soil pH increased significantly compared to the control. An 8% increase in the amount of montmorillonite in soil and 30 days incubation decreased acid exchangeable Cu by 24.7% compared to the control red soil. Acid exchangeable Cu decreased with increasing amounts of attapulgite and montmorillonite, with best remediation e ect reached at a dose of 8%. Results also showed that the Cu poisoning e ect on earthworms was reduced with the addition of attapulgite and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite showed the best e ect, with the addition of a 2% dose the mortality of earthworms decreased from 60% to zero compared to the control. Our results indicated that the bioavailability of Cu in soils was reduced more e ectively with the application of montmorillonite than attapulgite.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.