含钛高炉渣制光催化剂降解水中2,4-二氯酚的研究

以攀钢含钛高炉渣为原料制备了光催化剂,并将其用于降解水中2,4-二氯酚,研究了光催化剂投加量、光照强度、反应物浓度、反应时间对2,4-二氯酚降解率的影响。结果表明:高炉渣制光催化剂对2,4-二氯酚具有良好的光催化效果,在催化剂投加量为0.3g/L,光照时间为2h的条件下,浓度为50mg/L的2,4-二氯酚的降解率达到了77.1%。通过反应的动力学分析,确立出高炉渣制光催化剂对水中2,4-二氯酚的降解反应为一级反应。对2,4-二氯酚的光催化降解产物进行分析发现,苯环上的C—Cl键被光催化剂产生的羟自由基·OH氧化断裂,氯取代基成为游离Cl-存在于溶液中,2,4-二氯酚被·OH降解生成中间小分子有机产物,这些小分子有机物再进一步被光催化降解。     

应用水滑石实时合成分离模拟核素钕

应用水滑石实时合成的方法从高放废液中分离模拟放射性核素钕,通过酸碱滴定、单因素试验及X-射线衍射(XRD)研究确定了最佳分离条件,用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等对合成的含钕水滑石的结构、形貌进行了分析. 结果表明:模拟放射性核素钕的最佳分离条件,初始ρ(Nd3+)为150 mg/L,pH为10,n(Mg)/［n(Al)+n(Nd)］为3,在该条件下5次平行试验钕的去除率平均值为96.40%,并且钕嵌入到了水滑石的晶格中,合成的含钕水滑石形貌大多为层状六边形;含钕水滑石煅烧产物主要为尖晶石,煅烧产物中未见氧化钕相,表明嵌入到水滑石晶格中的钕在煅烧后仍存在于尖晶石的晶体结构中.      

电路板的高加速应力筛选仿真设计技术研究

针对某型电路板高加速应力筛选剖面设计中耗费大量人力物力的实际情况,结合目前计算机辅助及仿真技术所具有的成本低、周期短、精度高等特点,将高加速应力筛选及计算机仿真技术融合,提出了运用计算机仿真手段来研究产品的高加速应力筛选剖面的方法及基本思路。对剩余有效寿命的预计、缺陷影响以及应力影响等方面进行了研究分析。从而在高加速应力筛选剖面设计信息量的扩充、成本的节省、周期的缩短等方面起到了一定的促进作用。     

水沙调控对黄河小浪底水库溶解性有机质的影响研究

为探究水沙调控对库区水体溶解性有机质（DOM）的影响,以小浪底水库为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光谱技术及三维荧光光谱-平行因子法（EEMs-PARAFAC）,分析了水沙调控前、中、后DOM的光谱参数、荧光强度及组分的差异,探讨了水体DOM的变化规律、来源及水沙调控对库区水质的影响.结果表明,水沙调控期间库区水体水温、电导率、溶解性总磷含量显著升高,调控期后逐步下降,水沙调控在一定程度上降低了水体中的氮磷比,有利于浮游植物对水体中营养盐的吸收.紫外-可见光谱特征参数显示,调控期a355浓度和E253/E203升高,E2/E3和E3/E4降低,表明水沙调控增加了库区水体DOM的浓度、相对分子质量、腐殖化程度、苯环结构取代基上极性官能团含量;小浪底库区水体DOM共解析出4种荧光组分,分别为类腐殖质组分（C1和C2）、类蛋白组分（C3和C4）,以类腐殖质为主（占总荧光强度的64.12%）.调控期间C1和C2荧光强度显著升高,表明水沙调控大幅增加了水库DOM类腐殖质组分含量.相关性分析表明,C1组分和C2组分对DOM腐殖化程度有显著影响,且两组分具有同源性;C3组分对DOM自生源的贡献有显著影响,...     

WS2强化Fe2+活化高碘酸盐降解酸性橙7的研究

构建无机还原剂硫化钨(WS₂)强化Fe²⁺活化高碘酸盐(PI)体系,以典型有机染料酸性橙7(AO7)为模拟污染物,探究了Fe²⁺浓度、PI浓度、WS₂浓度、p H值及水体常见共存阴离子对AO7去除过程的影响,并基于自由基淬灭与捕获实验(EPR)分析了体系中可能存在的活性氧化物种及其生成机制.结果表明：WS₂/Fe²⁺/PI体系氧化去除AO7的效率远高于同等条件下单一Fe²⁺/PI活化过程;在[Fe²⁺]₀=0.1 mmol·L^-1、[PI]₀=0.5mmol·L^-1、[WS₂]₀=0.3 g·L^-1、初始p H为2.6条件下,AO7去除率在12 min内达到93.0%.实验中Fe²⁺浓度、WS₂浓度与AO7去除率呈正相...     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） represents one of the most mobile and reactive organic compounds in ecosystem and plays an important role in the fate and transport of soil organic pollutants, nutrient cycling and more importantly global climate change. Electrochemical methods were first employed to evaluate DOM redox properties, and spectroscopic approaches were utilized to obtain information concerning its composition and structure. DOM was extracted from a forest soil profile with five horizons. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that there were more redox-active moieties in the DOM from upper horizons than in that from lower horizons. Cyclic voltammetry further showed that these moieties were reversible in electron transfer. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the electron transfer capacity of DOM, including electron acceptor capacity and electron donor capacity, both of which decreased sharply with increasing depth. FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra results suggested that DOM from the upper horizons was enriched with aromatic and humic structures while that from the lower horizons was rich in aliphatic carbon, which supported the findings obtained by electrochemical approaches. Electrochemical approaches combined with spectroscopic methods were applied to evaluate the characteristics of DOM extracted along a forest soil profile. The electrochemical properties of DOM, which can be rapidly and simply obtained, provide insight into the migration and transformation of DOM along a soil profile and will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of DOM in natural environments.     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

嘉陵江重庆段DOM三维荧光光谱的平行因子分析

应用平行因子分析法对2010年6月嘉陵江重庆段水体13个取样点DOM(溶解性有机质)的三维荧光光谱进行指纹识别.结果表明,嘉陵江重庆段水体可识别出4类5个荧光组分,包括类富里酸荧光组分C1(250、320 nm/400 nm)和C4(230、340nm/450 nm)、类腐殖酸荧光组分C2(260、360 nm/450 nm)、浮游生物产生的荧光组分C3(260 nm/380 nm)和类蛋白物质荧光组分C5(280 nm/330 nm).它们的贡献率依次为类富里酸18%～38%,类腐殖酸11%～18%,浮游植物8%～22%,类蛋白物质33%～49%.嘉陵江重庆段水体的有机物污染主要以来自工业、生活污水和其他人为活动产生的陆源污染输入为主,其次是浮游植物和水体微生物代谢产生的污染.13个取样点的总荧光强度在空间分布上由西到东呈"升高—降低—升高—降低"的趋势.      

夏季白洋淀有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)光学特性及其来源分析

有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)是可溶性有机质(DOM)中较为重要的组成部分,也是水环境中最大的溶解有机碳贮库.为了揭示典型浅水湖泊—白洋淀夏季CDOM的光学特性、空间异质性和来源,本研究运用三维荧光光谱和紫外-可见光吸光度分析方法结合平行因子数据分析法,分析了夏季淀区CDOM的组成,并探索分析了CDOM的主要来源.结果表明：从光学特性上分析,白洋淀水体中CDOM主要包括C1、C3两种类蛋白质组分和C2、C4两种类腐殖质组分,其中,由内源性产生的C1、C2、C3组分占比较多,体现出白洋淀CDOM来源以内源自生为主的特征;白洋淀水体中CDOM吸光度整体呈现出丰度较高的趋势,α(355)平均达到了38.22 m^-1,光谱斜率(280～500 nm)较低,均值为0.007 nm^-1,这种高丰度低光谱斜率的特征也映证了白洋淀CDOM腐殖化程度较高的特点,根据白洋淀淀泊特征推测其来源主要为芦苇、荷花等水生植物的腐解.不同淀区CDOM分布存在差异,整体呈现出自白洋淀南部和西部向中部、北部、东部递减的空间变化特征,造成这一分布特征的原因可能为相较于白洋淀南部地...     

青岛近岸绿潮区溶解有机质微生物可利用性

以青岛近岸绿潮区水体中DOM（溶解有机质）为研究对象,通过室内降解实验计算了水体中DOC（溶解有机碳）的降解效率并分析了水中CDOM（有色溶解有机质）的荧光组分及其变化特征.结果显示,绿潮区不同站点和暴发前后水体中的DOC均发生了不同程度降解,降解过程符合一级降解动力学方程,其中约8.93%～45.10%的DOC可被微生物利用,在时空上受浒苔绿潮影响程度大的水体中DOC降解率最高.应用三维荧光光谱和平行因子相结合的技术,分析确定了绿潮水体中的CDOM包含3种类腐殖质组分（C1、C2、C3）和1种类蛋白质组分（C4）,且所有样品中类蛋白质组分含量均显著高于单一类腐殖质组分,表明浒苔绿潮释放的CDOM主要成分是类蛋白质.降解实验中,类蛋白质组分的变化与DOC含量降解趋势相同,而类腐殖质组分逐渐增加.同时,CDOM各荧光参数与微生物可利用性DOC百分比含量（BDOC%）相关性分析的结果和支持向量机的权重分析结果均显示:相对于BDOC%,C4组分为正相关,C1组分负相关,表明BDOC与CDOM组分间的关联度极高,可推测类蛋白质与BDOC均易被微生物降解利用,而类腐殖质与RDOC（惰性溶解有机碳...