焦化废水处理工程调试运行研究

针对焦化废水处理调试运行存在的问题,以实际运行中的焦化废水处理工程为例,介绍了其调试运行过程.指出焦化废水调试及稳定运行的控制要点,并提出调试运行过程中可能出现的问题及解决措施,为同类废水的调试和运行提供参考.     

Effect of chromium on accumulation and antioxidants in Cucumis utillissimus L.: Response under enhanced bioavailability condition

This study compares the accumulation of Cr(VI) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cysteine contents) and roles of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utillissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil (CS) with garden soil (GS). Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) addition to the soil to forecast the plant’s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and APX) and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS. The increase in GPX and APX activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus.     

韶关：创生态文明市，还优美环境于民

2010年,韶关市紧紧围绕创建“全国生态文明示范市”目标,采取加快经济发展方式转变、维护生态屏障、创建优美宜居乡村等措施,综合整治环境,还优美环境于民。加快经济发展方式转变大力发展生态经济,加快推进以资源高效利用和循环利用为核心、以“减量化、再利用、资源化”为原则的低消耗、低排放、高效率的经济增长模式,     

河南仰韶生化做推动产业发展的“催化酶”

生物产业是一个对人类健康、粮食、生态环境、可持续发展产生重大影响的战略性新兴产业。     

火电厂石灰软化水质混凝澄清工艺对比分析

石灰软化处理是目前火电厂循环冷却水处理应用最为广泛的一种方式。针对石灰软化处理的两种不同混凝澄清工艺进行对比分析,分析显示,高效澄清池比机械加速澄清池具有处理效果优、占地小、投资省、运行成本低、管理简便等优势。     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.     

GC和HPLC测定环境水体中苦味酸的分析方法比较

文章分别建立了气相色谱法电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)和高效液相色谱法紫外检测器(HPLC-UVD)测定地表水中苦味酸的分析方法,并比较了2种方法在实际应用过程中的优缺点。GC-ECD测定方法是将苦味酸经次氯酸钠氯化衍生,再用正己烷振荡萃取后进行气相色谱分析。通过对萃取溶剂和次氯酸钠加入量等萃取条件优化,苦味酸方法检出限为0.000 5 mg/L,线性范围为0.002~0.08mg/L,加标回收率为74.2%~103%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.4%。HPLC-UVD测定方法是水样经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样,由紫外检测器进行分析,无需萃取浓缩。通过液相色谱条件优化,苦味酸方法检出限为0.03 mg/L,线性范围为0.1~2.0 mg/L,加标回收率为85.4%~105%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~7.3%。2种方法均能满足地表水水质监测要求,其中GC-ECD方法灵敏度和准确度都较高,适合痕量样品的检测,而HPLC方法快速简便,适合大通量的筛查分析。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中丙烯酰胺研究

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对水中的丙烯酰胺定性、定量分析。结果显示:丙烯酰胺含量在20μg/L~400μg/L之间呈良好线性关系,回归方程Y=0.476 8X+0.845 4,相关系数R为0.997 72,检出限0.1μg/L,样品回收率在71.85%~92.28%之间,相对标准偏差为3.4%~10.9%。该方法减少了有机溶剂用量,缩短了有机溶剂暴露时间,降低污染,且能满足地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)限值要求,是水中丙烯酰胺含量准确稳定的检测方法。用该方法测定了呼和浩特市引黄入呼左岸、右岸、中浅和中深4个断面水样,均未检出丙烯酰胺。