西南高镉地质背景区农田土壤与农作物的重金属富集特征

为探明高地质背景区农田土壤与农作物系统中重金属富集与转运特征,通过对采自重庆黑色岩系高镉地质背景区的土壤和农作物样品进行分析,并与其他典型黑色页岩区域进行对比研究.发现研究区部分农田土壤pH极低; Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn显著富集.土壤样品Cd的超标率为100%,其次为Cr和Ni,91. 3%的土壤样品Cd污染级别为严重污染及以上.土壤Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的残渣态占比为80%以上,Cd和Pb较低;弱酸提取态Cd占比27. 0%±6. 4%,Zn和Ni次之.黑色岩系母质风化导致研究区土壤重金属富集,Cd是区域内的特征污染元素,其生物有效性较高,并易于在农作物中富集. Cd的转运系数高于其他元素,农作物中Cd的富集和污染程度最高,特别是叶类蔬菜,平均Cd含量(干重)高达11. 5 mg·kg~(-1),不适于种植和食用;部分农作物Cr超标,存在一定风险.因此,有必要对研究区农田土壤进行污染等级划分,实行科学管控,并进行农作物种植结构调整,以保障当地人群健康.     

Growth and metal uptake of energy sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in different metal mine tailings with soil amendments

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of growing energy sugarcane(Saccharum spp.) in three different metal mine tailings(Cu, Sn and Pb/Zn tailings) amended with uncontaminated soil at different mixing ratios. The results indicated that sugarcane was highly tolerant to tailing environments. Amendments of 20% soil to Sn tailings and 30% soil to Cu tailings could increase the biomass of cane-stem for use as the raw material for bioethanol production. Heavy metals were mostly retained in roots, which indicated that sugarcane was useful for the stabilization of the tailings. Bagasse and juice, as the most valuable parts to produce bioethanol, only accounted for 0.6%– 3% and 0.6%–7% of the total metal content. Our study supported the potential use of sugarcane for tailing phytostabilization and bioenergy production.