过电位抛光增材制造双极板流道结构及性能研究

目的 研究过电位抛光对不锈钢异形截面微流道内壁成形性及双极板性能的影响。方法 采用电化学实验、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粗糙度测试分别对激光粉末床熔融技术成形异形截面微流道进行测试分析,研究抛光时间对微流道内壁表面形貌、典型缺陷、表面粗糙度及双极板耐腐蚀性的影响。结果 在抛光前10 min,微流道内壁的质量得到有效提升,随着抛光时间的延长,其表面粗糙度达到稳定值,同时典型缺陷也由黏粉、半熔金属颗粒等局部缺陷逐渐变化到球化、挂渣、阶梯效应等大范围缺陷,直至出现点蚀现象。抛光时间在5～15 min内,LPBF成形316L不锈钢表面质量提升,随着抛光时间的增加,其耐腐蚀性下降。结论 采用过电位抛光工艺并选择适当的过电位抛光时间,能有效提升微流道内壁成形质量及双极板耐腐蚀性能。     

底泥厌氧环境和光照对菹草萌发和幼苗生理的影响

通过向底泥中投加不同量的蔗糖使其发生厌氧反应以模拟不同程度的底泥厌氧环境，研究这种环境和光照强度对菹草石芽萌发和幼苗生理作用的影响。实验结果表明，底泥厌氧环境能显著降低菹草石芽的最终萌发率，且低光照会加剧这种趋势；尽管低光照不一定会提高最终的萌发率，但对提早石芽的萌发是有利的。在01%蔗糖投加处理中，幼苗的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量最高(平均为250和1928 mg/g FW)，其后随投加量的升高而降低，而游离氨基酸的含量却一直呈上升趋势，最高时达到024 mg/g FW ，但低光照却使它下降；可溶性糖含量基本不受底泥厌氧水平的影响，但随着光照减少而降低。随着厌氧水平的增加（从对照到05%蔗糖投加量），菹草的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现上升趋势，但在10%蔗糖投加处理中活性降至最低；而过氧化物酶(POD)活性一直处于下降趋势。研究结论是：底泥厌氧对菹草石芽萌发影响显著，这种影响可能比低光照的限制作用还要重要。轻度的厌氧环境反而能促进菹草幼苗的生理代谢，但随厌氧水平的升高对碳氮平衡和其它生理活动产生不利影响。此外，底泥厌氧环境对菹草幼苗的抗氧化系统也有明显刺激作用。     

Competition of Hydrogen and Manganese Ions for Adsorption Sites in Sitka Spruce Litter

The competition of hydrogen and manganese ions for adsorption sites in Sitka spruce litter was investigated in a factorial design, simulated acid rain experiment, which involved leaching of litter with simulated throughfall solutions at three pH levels (5.3, 4.3 and 3.3) and three manganese concentrations (0 to 0.2 mg1^-1). the throughfall solution at the lowest pH was the most efficient in removing exchangeable manganese from litter. the manganese concentration in the leachates was approximately proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration in the simulated throughfall solution. Under field conditions, throughfall manganese concentration also naturally tends to increase as a consequence of enhanced foliar leaching of manganese in response to increasing precipitation acidity. the manganese concentration in the simulated throughfall also affected manganese concentration in the leachates, however, and contributed to a buildup of exchangeable manganese in litter, thus counteracting to some extent possible adverse effects of excess leaching due to increased throughfall acidity.     

用14C示踪技术研究摇蚊幼虫对农药的富集作用

摇蚊幼虫是淡水湖泊中分布广泛、数量极大的底栖动物。它们生活在底泥中,位移能力很小,个体又较大,被认为是水质监测和生态毒理学研究的理想生物。底栖动物能大量富集水中微量的有毒物质,这已有许多报道,而有关摇蚊幼虫富集底泥中的有毒物质的报道甚少,国内至今尚未见报道。摇蚊幼虫富集毒物与其它底栖动物比较,其生态学意义更大,因为摇蚊幼虫除了作为鱼饵通过水生食物链浓缩和转移毒物外,大量的幼虫终将羽化为成虫,一批批飞离水体,有毒物质有可能较快地被消除掉。     

Effects of salinity on activities of H+-ATPase, H+-PPase and membrane lipid composition in plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings

The effects of NaCI stress on the H^＋-ATPase, H^＋-PPase activity and lipid composition of plasma membrane(PM) and tonoplast(TP) vesicles isolated from roots and leaves of two soybean cultivars( Glycine max L. ) differing in salt tolerance(Wenfeng^7,salt-tolerant; Union, salt-sensitive) were investigated. When Wenfeng^7 was treated with 0.3% (W/V) NaCI for 3 d, the H^＋ -ATP aseactivities in PM and TP from roots and leaves exhibited a reduction and an enhancement, respectively. The H^＋ -PPase activity in TP from roots also increased. Similar effects were not observed in roots of Union. In addition, the increases of phospholipid content and ratios of phospholipid to galactolipid in PM and TP from roots and leaves of Wenfeng^7 may also change membrane permeability and hence affect salt tolerance.     

BT20钛合金筒形件的UOE热成形

阐述了用UOE热成形BT20钛合金筒形件的特点。通过对BT20筒形件UOE热成形的实验研究,确定了BT20钛合金筒形件UOE热成形工艺过程,得到了一系列成形工艺参数及在成形过程中控制产品质量的措施。     

Eight years of annual no-till cropping in Washington's winter wheat-summer fallow region

The tillage-based winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow (WW-SF) cropping system has dominated dryland farming in the Pacific Northwest USA for 125 years. We conducted a large-scale multidisciplinary 8-year study of annual (i.e., no summer fallow) no-till cropping systems as an alternative to WW-SF. Soft white and hard white classes of winter and spring wheat, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were grown in various rotation combinations. Annual precipitation was less than the long-term average of 301 mm in 7 out of 8 years. Rhizoctonia bare patch disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 appeared in year 3 and continued through year 8 in all no-till plots. All crops were susceptible to rhizoctonia, but bare patch area in wheat was reduced, and grain yield increased, when wheat was grown in rotation with barley every other year. Remnant downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) weed seeds remained dormant for 6 years and longer to heavily infest recrop winter wheat. There were few quantifiable changes in soil quality due to crop rotation, but soil organic carbon (SOC) increased in the surface 0–5 cm depth with no-till during the 8 years to approach that found in undisturbed native soil. Annual no-till crop rotations experienced lower average profitability and greater income variability compared to WW-SF. Yellow mustard and safflower were not economically viable. Continuous annual cropping using no-till provides excellent protection against wind erosion and shows potential to increase soil quality, but the practice involves high economic risk compared to WW-SF. This paper provides the first comprehensive multidisciplinary report of long-term alternative annual no-till cropping systems research in the low-precipitation region of the Pacific Northwest.     

余甘子的保健价值及开发利用前景

我国南方山区、半山区广泛分布的余甘子是一种具有药用价值的野生或栽培果树。成分分析表明,余甘果有较高的营养价值,尤其是维生素C含量很高。进一步研究即通过体外模拟试验,动物试验、人体试验以及病区临床试验证明,余甘果汁能阻断强致癌物N-亚硝基化合物在动物及人体内的合成,阻断率达90％以上,均比同浓度的维生素C高。同时还发现,余甘果汁中含有超氧化物歧化酶,每毫升鲜果汁中含有的酶活力为 964.28国际单位;老人饮用余甘果汁2个月后,血液中红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活力提高1.5倍,并降低了血浆中脂质过氧化物的含量,显示了余甘果汁对人体具有较明显的防癌、抗衰老保健作用。我国余甘子资源十分丰富,民间早有利用余甘果实健身治病的习惯,因此,它是一种很有开发价值的水果。本文较详细地论述了余甘果的保健价值,并对其开发利用现状及前景作了简要的介绍。     

A revisit of trisomy 20 mosaicism in prenatal diagnosis—an overview of 103 cases

One hundred and three cases with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism through amniocentesis were reviewed. Approximately 90 per cent (90/101) of the cases were associated with grossly normal phenotype. It is likely that, in the majority of cases, cells with trisomy 20 were extraembryonic in origin or largely confined to the placenta. However, in some cases, the cells with trisomy 20 were confined to certain specific fetal organs or tissues such as kidney, skin, etc. Cytogenetic follow-up studies in liveborns should include a culture from urine sediment.     

Trisomy 20 mosaicism

A further case of trisomy 20 mosaicism found at amniocentesis is presented. Pregnancy was terminated, the fetus showed facial dysmorphia and minor cardial and renal anomalies. 19 published reports of true trisomy 20 mosaicism at amniocentesis are reviewed. Five pregnancies resulted in obviously normal newborns. The significance of mostly minor anomalies found at autopsy of 7 fetuses remains unclear. With regard to genetic counselling the significance of trisomy 20 mosaicism is summarized as follows: (1) true trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid cells reflects mosaicism of the fetus; (2) severe malformation is not a major feature of trisomy 20 mosaicism; (3) the risk of mental retardation is still undetermined, due to limited experience. However, there is no definite proof that the condition is harmful at all.