Relationships of ozone formation sensitivity with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Due to the influences of precursors emissions, meteorology, geography and other factors, ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data, and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types (LUTs). From 2012 to 2016, the OFS tended to be NO_x-limited in GBA, with the value of FNR (HCHO/NO₂) increasing from 2.04 to 2.22. According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors, NO_x emissions decreased by 33.1% and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2% from 2012 to 2016, directly resulting in OFS tending to be NO_x-limited. The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water (TCW), surface net solar radiation (SSR), air temperature at 2 m (T2) and surface pressure (SP) are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS. There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2, SSR, TCW, and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP. In GBA, the OFS tends to be NO_x-limited regime in wet season (higher T2, SSR, TCW and lower SP) and VOCs-limited regime in dry season (lower T2, SSR, TCW and higher SP). The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs, with the highest in “Rural areas”, second in “Suburban areas” and lowest in “Urban areas”.     

哈法亚油田注水井管材腐蚀规律研究

目的合理地进行井筒选材和更好地开展防腐工作。方法通过高压釜模拟哈法亚油田注水井腐蚀介质环境,研究温度、压力和pH对注水井油管L80钢腐蚀规律的影响。结果随着实验温度的升高,L80钢表面腐蚀产物越来越疏松,腐蚀速率增大;随着注水压力的升高,腐蚀速率增大,局部腐蚀逐渐增强;随着pH的升高,L80的腐蚀速率有所降低,主要发生全面腐蚀;腐蚀产物主要为铁的氧化物和CaCO_3。结论该研究为井筒选材和防腐工作提供一定的技术支持。     

我国蚕豆根瘤菌的多样性和系统发育研究

采用数值分类、16S rDNA PCR-RFLP、IGS PCR-RFLP等方法对分离自我国11个省的50株蚕豆根瘤菌及11株参比菌株进行了表型测定和遗传型研究,同时对5株蚕豆根瘤菌的代表菌株进行了16S rDNA全序列测定.表型测定的结果表明,在80%的相似水平上供试菌株分为4个群,各群间存在地区交叉;16S rDNA PCR-RFLP的聚类结果与数值分类的聚类结果有很好的一致性;IGSRFLP反映的多样性更明显,形成的遗传群较多,可用于菌株间的鉴别.实验结果表明我国蚕豆根瘤菌具有极大的表型多样性和遗传多样性.系统发育研究结果表明,蚕豆根瘤菌的代表菌株均位于快生根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)系统发育分支,与R.leguminosarum USDA2370的全序列相似性达99.9%,说明蚕豆根瘤菌属于Rhizobium,系豌豆根瘤菌的一个生物型.图4表3参12     

CO2浓度和光合光量子通量密度对叶用甘薯组培苗光合自养和过氧化物酶活力的影响

以新兴蔬菜叶用甘薯组织培养苗的茎节段作为外植体，用MS低糖、无激素培养基进行生根培养，设置不同的CO2浓度(Ci)和光合光量子通量密度(PPFD)对组培植株进行环境调控处理，获得小植株净光合速率最高的处理组合(Ci，PPFD)=(8720μmol mol^-1，250μmol m^-2 s^-1)，并在此组合下继续培养21d。结果表明：该调控系统可以有效地调节控制组培苗生长环境中的Ci和PPFD，提高组培苗的光合自养能力，实现低糖、无激素培养，处理组植株生长健壮，叶片数、株高、根鲜重和单株鲜重分别高出CK组57．7％，103．3％，131．6％和225．35％，叶片和根系过氧化物酶活力分别高出CK组26．3％和24．0％。图3表1参18。     

模拟酸雨及A1^3＋共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料，研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应．结果表明，根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al^3＋浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降；处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常，如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等．模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al^3＋（3mg／L）共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核，其中pH4．5组微核率高于pH3．5组．模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al^3＋（10～180mg／L）复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩，固缩率随Al^3＋浓度增加和pH降低而增高．研究结果表明，pH4．5和pH3．5的模拟酸雨和Al^3＋对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用，其效应与Al^3＋浓度和环境酸度有关．     

不同海拔珠芽蓼抗氧化系统的研究

对生长在青藏高原不同海拔地区的多年生高山植物珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum L.)的抗氧化系统进行了测试，以探讨高山植物对于高寒环境的适应机理。结果表明：随着海拔的升高，叶绿素a(chla)、叶绿素b(chlb)含量明显下降，chla／chlb增大，珠芽蓼叶和根细胞的膜脂过氧化均加剧，丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加。3种抗氧化酶的活性受到明显影响，其中叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，随海拔升高而活性降低，而均与根中的变化趋势相反，过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随海拔升高呈增强的趋势，且叶片中活性较根中变化明显，抗坏血酸(AsA)随海拔的升高，含量呈明显增加，膜脂过氧化与抗氧化物酶的变化具有不一致性，这可能表明两种抗氧化系统之间存在一定的协同作用，特别是高含量的抗坏血酸，可能在高山植物适应高寒环境的胁迫方面具有更加重要的作用。图5表1参22。     

部分硝基芳烃对鲤鱼的急性毒性及定量构效关系

本文报告了２６个硝基芳烃大对鲤鱼的急性毒性，应用ＬＳＥＲ法得出了相关关系显著的ＱＳＡＲ方程。化合物分子的本征体积是毒性的主要影响因素。硝基芳烃的毒性随着分子本征体积，αｍ和Ｉ值的增大而增大，随着βｍ值的增大而减小。     

模拟酸雨及Al3+共同作用对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆为材料,研究了模拟酸雨及酸雨与铝共同作用的细胞遗传学效应.结果表明,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数随Al3 浓度的升高和环境酸度的增强而下降;处理组细胞中出现了多种染色体异常,如染色体粘连、滞后及断裂等.模拟酸雨及其与低浓度Al3 (3mg/L)共同作用时可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核,其中pH4.5组微核率高于pH3.5组.模拟酸雨与高浓度的Al3 (10～180mg/L)复合处理可引起根尖细胞固缩,固缩率随Al3 浓度增加和pH降低而增高.研究结果表明,pH4.5和pH3.5的模拟酸雨和Al3 对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用,其效应与Al3 浓度和环境酸度有关.     

Assessing the bioremediation potential of arsenic tolerant bacterial strains in rice rhizosphere interface

The arsenic tolerant bacterial strains Staphylococcus arlettae(NBRIEAG-6), Staphylococcus sp.(NBRIEAG-8) and Brevibacillus sp.(NBRIEAG-9) were tested for their roles in enhancing plant growth and induction of stress-related enzymes in rice(Oryza sativa L. cv. NDR-359) plants at two different concentrations, 30 and 15 mg/kg of As(V) and As(III), respectively. An experiment was conducted to test the effect of these strains on plant growth promotion and arsenic uptake. We found 30%–40% reduction in total As uptake in bacteria-inoculated plants, with increased plant growth parameters compared to non-inoculated plants. Moreover, the bacteria-inoculated plants showed reduced activity of total glutathione(GSH) and glutathione reductase(GR) compared to their respective controls, which suggests the bacteria-mediated reduction of oxidative stress in plants. Thus, these strains were found to be beneficial in terms of the biochemical and physiological status of the plants under arsenic stress conditions.Furthermore, one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis(PCA) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays also revealed clear variations. The results support the distinction between control and treatments in both shoots and roots. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of rhizobacteria in alleviating arsenic stress in rice plants.     

Sustainability through system transformation: lessons from Finnish efforts

This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production addresses system transformation by examining progress, stumbling blocks and opportunities for sustainable consumption and production in a specific country, Finland, set within a global context. The articles present and analyse top-down policy efforts, bottom-up efforts by municipalities, activities by companies and actions by consumers. They provide material for discussions on the shift from sustainability planning to enhancing system transformation, on the implications of globalisation for system boundaries, on the transformation of complex systems, on learning processes and on methods of assessing transitions. Without providing a singular solution, the articles show that issues of sustainability should be explored in different ways within different contexts, and experimented with. There is a continuous need for transformations and reflexive learning, since conditions are likely to become very different, not least due to climate change. The notion of change and transformation will be high on the agenda of the Rio+20 conference, as will similar efforts to promote large-scale transformations of consumption and production.