玉米乙酰乳酸合成酶活性的测定及其性质初探

为了解抑制剂对乙酰乳酸合成酶 (ALS)的作用机制 ,建立生理生化水平上 ALS酶抑制剂的筛选方法。详细研究了玉米离体和活体乙酰乳酸合成酶 (AL S)活性的测定方法。对酶反应条件的研究表明 ,底物丙酮酸钠的浓度和辅助因子氯化硫胺素焦磷酸盐 (TPP)、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (FAD)以及氯化镁 (Mg Cl2 )的浓度在一定范围内对酶的反应有影响 ,温度和酸度也是影响该酶反应的重要因素 ;对酶反应产物显色反应的研究发现 ,α-萘酚和肌酸单钠盐共同协调影响显色反应的进行。玉米 AL S酶的比活力与反应时间呈线性关系 ,符合 Michaelis- Meten方程。烟嘧磺隆是玉米 ALS酶的非竞争性抑制剂 ,农大 1 0 8玉米 ALS的 Km为 (7.51± 1 .0 0 ) mmol· L- 1 。     

利用苦瓜子衣制备食用色素的研究

对苦瓜子衣色素的提取工艺及安全性进行了研究,确定了最佳提取工艺条件为:用乙醚作提取剂,提取剂用量为1∶40g/ml,提取时间为20min,提取温度为20℃,提取次数为2次。毒性试验表明:该色素的毒性很低,主要有毒元素的含量为Pb<2.0ppm、As<2.0ppm、Hg<0.01ppm。     

SATURATED SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTWITY IN LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATIONS ON DRAINED SITES1

ABSTRACT: Variation of in situ measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS) with stand age was examined in drained and intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on very poorly drained Bayboro loam soils. Stand ages studied were 1-year-old and 14-years old. No differences in Ks values were found between the stand ages. In addition, no differences in core measured soil properties were found between the stand ages, indicating that there were no differences in the pore structure of the soil matrix. There was large variation of Ks within stands and between stands within ages. The mean within stand Ks values ranged from 0.66 cm/hr to 4.85 cm/hr. The frequency of tests exhibiting pipe flow through large non-capillary voids was significantly greater in the older stands; however, the continuity of the voids in the soil, and whether or not non-Darcy type flow would occur in a saturated profile, could not be determined.     

薜荔瘦果的营养成分研究

首次对薜荔（ＦｉｃｕｓｐｕｍｉｌａＬ．）瘦果进行营养成分分析,结果表明：薜荔花被果胶含量为３２７０％,蛋白质含量为３８０％,总糖含量为２０３３％,总黄酮含量为１５１４％；薜荔种子果胶含量为１５１５％,蛋白质含量为１５７０％,粗纤维含量为２６２０％,总黄酮含量为２０８％；种子含油率高达３０１３％,油的多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值（ＰＵＦＡ／ＳＦ）为１０９３；薜荔瘦果的维生素和矿质元素含量也很丰富。研究结果为合理开发研制薜荔保健食品提供科学依据     

肠杆菌FM-1强化积雪草修复镉污染土壤机理

分析了肠杆菌FM-1的耐镉性及促生特性，并研究了肠杆菌FM-1对矿山型和非矿山型积雪草镉富集及根际土壤pH值的影响.结果表明，肠杆菌FM-1对镉有较强的耐受性，其分泌的吲哚乙酸含量，铁载体A/A_r值和溶磷能力分别达到（72.85±0.62）mg/L，0.21±0.01和（143.33±2.13）mg/L，表明肠杆菌FM-1具有良好的促生能力.将肠杆菌FM-1接种于采自广西柳州泗顶铅锌矿周边4种类型的土壤中，均不同程度提高了矿山型和非矿山型积雪草对镉的富集.其中，下游区土壤接种肠杆菌FM-1后，矿山型积雪草茎和叶中镉含量分别增加了87.90%~161.84%和21.85%~76.42%，非矿山型叶片中的镉含量增加了5.84%~35.20%.研究表明肠杆菌FM-1促进了积雪草对镉的富集.同时，肠杆菌FM-1的添加在一定程度上影响了积雪草根际土壤的pH值，显著降低了下游区矿山型积雪草根际土壤中的pH值.     

Characteristics and source attribution of PM2.5 during 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou: Efficacy of radical measures to reduce source emissions

A field campaign was conducted to study the PM_2.5 and atmospheric gases and aerosol's components to evaluate the efficacy of radical measures implemented by the Chinese government to improve air quality during the 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou China. The lower level of PM_2.5 (32.48 ± 11.03 µg/m³) observed during the control period compared to pre-control and post-control periods showed that PM_2.5 was alleviated by control policies. Based on the mass concentrations of particulate components, the emissions of PM_2.5 from local sources including fossil fuel, coal combustion, industry and construction were effectively reduced, but non-exhaust emission was not reduced as effectively as expected. The accumulation of SNA (SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, NH₄⁺) was observed during the control period, due to the favourable synoptic weather conditions for photochemical reactions and heterogeneous hydrolysis. Because of transboundary transport during the control period, air masses from remote areas contributed significantly to local PM_2.5. Although, secondary organic carbon (OC_sec) exhibited more sensitivity than primary organic carbon (OC_pri) to control measures, and the increased nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) implied the regional transport of aged secondary aerosols to the study area. Overall, the results from various approaches revealed that local pollution sources were kept under control, indicating that the implementation of mitigation measures were helpful in improving the air quality of Hangzhou during G20 summit. To reduce ambient levels of PM_2.5 further in Hangzhou, regional control policies may have to be taken so as to reduce the impact of long-range transport of air masses from inland China.     

Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between Iow-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi （Brassica chinensis L.）

Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium （Cd） in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars ofpakchoi （Brassica chinensis L.）. Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes （extracted by 1 tool. L~ NaC1） played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd- phosphate complexes （extracted by 2% HAc） was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.     

Durable goods and long-run electricity demand: Evidence from air conditioner purchase behavior

I estimate a dynamic structural model of demand for air conditioners, the most energy-intensive home appliance in the US. The model explores the links between demand for durable goods and expected changes in key attributes: energy efficiency and price. I incorporate expectations explicitly as a feature of the choice setting, and use parameter estimates from the model to calculate durable good demand elasticities with respect to energy efficiency, electricity price, and price of the durable itself. These estimates fill a large gap in the literature, and also shed light on consumer behavior in this setting. Results indicate that consumers are forward-looking and value the stream of future savings derived from energy efficiency.     

多金属富集植物李氏禾根系对铜吸收机理的研究

李氏禾（Leersia hexandra Swartz）是一种多金属富集植物,通过研究其根系吸收铜的途径和方式,有助于解释李氏禾对铜的富集现象,为开发李氏禾修复铜污染土壤的植物修复技术提供科学依据。本文在温室水培条件下,利用钙离子通道抑制剂（LaCl3）和钾离子通道抑制剂（TEA）,研究了李氏禾根系铜吸收与钙、钾离子通道的关系;同时,在研究 ATP 酶抑制剂、解偶联剂和低温作用对铜吸收影响的基础上,探讨了李氏禾根系铜吸收与能量代谢的关系。结果表明,在1 mmol＆#183;L-1钙离子通道抑制剂的作用下,李氏禾根对铜的吸收明显被抑制了（p＜0.05）。处理48 h后,李氏禾根中铜的浓度较对照下降了39.2%。这说明李氏禾根吸收铜与钙离子通道密切相关。在5 mmol＆#183;L-1钾离子通道抑制剂的作用下,李氏禾根对铜的吸收与对照没用显著差异。这表明,李氏禾根系对铜的吸收可能不是通过钾离子通道进行的。ATP酶抑制剂钒酸钠（Na3VO4）显著地抑制李氏禾根对铜的吸收（p＜0.05）。25μmol·L^-1和50μmol·L^-1 Na3VO4处理48 h后,李氏禾根中铜的浓度较对照分别下降了26.2%和31.0%。由此,推测李氏禾根系对铜的吸收是一个消耗能量的过程。该结果与解偶联剂抑制实验结果相一致。在25μmo·L^-1和50μmol·L^-1解偶联剂2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）作用下,李氏禾根系中的铜浓度较对照分别下降了25.8%和42.7%。低温处理对李氏禾根吸收铜的抑制作用较解偶联剂和ATP酶抑制剂更为明显。2℃下暴露48 h,李氏禾根中铜的浓度较对照（25℃）下降了60.1%。这进一步证明了,李氏禾根系对铜的吸收存在消耗能量的主动过程。     

孔雀草对镉胁迫的响应及其积累与分布特征

采用营养液培养法研究了不同浓度的Cd(0、0.01、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mmol·L-1)对孔雀草叶片光合色素和丙二醛含量以及Cd积累量、亚细胞与化学形态分布的影响.结果表明,随着营养液Cd浓度的增加,叶片光合色素含量呈先升后降趋势,丙二醛含量则呈线性递增趋势,高浓度Cd处理(≥0.1 mmol·L-1)对孔雀草产生了显著的胁迫响应.Cd主要贮存于可溶组分中,根系中占50.91%—66.40%,叶片中占39.09%—60.52%;其次为细胞壁,细胞器中的镉比例较低.随着Cd处理浓度的增加,Cd在根系细胞壁中的贮存比例呈增加趋势.液胞区隔化和细胞壁固持是孔雀草应对Cd胁迫的重要耐性机制.根系中的Cd主要以乙醇提取态存在,占27.62%—70.46%,叶片中Cd主要以去离子水提取态和氯化钠提取态存在,两者合计占58.91%—71.09%.叶片中活性态Cd含量显著低于根系,显著降低了地上部Cd的积累,也显著降低了Cd对地上部的胁迫作用.