六氯苯的O3及UV/O3高级氧化降解试验研究

采用O₃、UV/O₃高级氧化法对水中六氯苯（HCB）的降解效果及机理进行了研究，并对结果进行了比较，结果表明，UV本身对HCB的去除率贡献不大，HCB可被O₃、UV/O₃快速降解，即UV＜O₃＜UV/O₃；O₃、UV/O₃作用时，提高体系的初始pH值不利于HCB的降解，在pH＝3，HCB=0.2 mg/L，反应40 min时，HCB的去除可达50%左右，酸性条件下有利于降解反应的进行；无论是O₃单独作用还是UV/O₃联合作用，HCB的降解基本上满足准一级反应动力学规律，如果体系的pH值基本保持恒定，这种规律就更为明显。根据离子色谱(IC)、GC对六氯苯降解中间产物进行了测定，探讨了O₃、UV/O₃降解六氯苯的途径和机理。     

一种新型复合球填料在低浓度污再生回用中的应用研究

新型复合球填料为沸石与悬浮球填料的有机组合体，密度约为0．92～0．97g／cm^3，比表面积为711～1185m^2/m^2，表面粗糙，物化性能稳定。在曝气量为20：1，停留时间为6h时，装有新型复合球填料的反应柱挂膜容易，成膜时间短，膜不易脱落，且生物相丰富。膜成熟时对生活污水中的氨氮和COD都有很好的去除效果，出水氨氮浓度≤2mg／L，去除率≥93％；出水COD浓度≤22mg／L，去除率≥80％。新型复合球反应柱在稳定状态处理低浓度的二级出水时，出水氨氮浓度≤2mg／L，去除率89％，出水COD浓度为10～36mg／L，去除率为48％～81％。出水水质符合GB50335-2002标准。     

钛基燃烧催化剂的抗硫性能

本文研究了钛基非贵金属燃烧催化剂的硫中毒过程及载体吸硫特性。结果表明,催化剂的抗硫能力与载体吸硫量有关,不同催化剂的抗硫性能为:Cat.3>Cat.4>Cat.5>Cat.1>Cat.2,本文还讨论了硫中毒机理。     

生态型城市用地布局的优化

城市生态环境已经成为影响城市发展的重要因子。当今城市空间拓展与结构转型步伐加快，但由于经济的快速增长和城市的蔓延扩展，城市生态变得异常脆弱，人地矛盾、经济发展和环境保护的矛盾相当突出。经济发达城市无锡市的生态环境问题相当突出，借鉴国外先进经验，研究自身的特点，无锡生态城市建设必须强化城市生态规划的作用，优化城市用地布局，发挥其丰富的河流、道路和湖边山体的绿色优势，营造网络型开敞式的生态空间，环境与经济才能协调发展。     

Sex pheromone components of male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tirathaba mundella</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Summary. During peak calling activity by male oil palm bunch moths, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), their hairpencils, wings or entire body were extracted in hexane. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of hair pencil extracts revealed four compounds that consistently elicited responses from female antennae. The NMR spectrum of isolated compound 1, and mass spectra and retention indices of compounds 1–4 suggested that they were (3S,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2, vanillin), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (3), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanol (4). Comparative GC and GC-MS analyses of hair pencils extract and synthetic standards confirmed these structural assignments. Moreover, comparative chromatography of synthetic and hairpencil-isolated 1 on a Cyclodex-B column (which separated the four stereoisomers with baseline resolution) revealed that male T. mundella produce the SS-stereoisomer (SS-1). In field cage bioassay experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic SS-1 and vanillin in combination, but not singly, attracted female T. mundella. SS-1 plus vanillin were as effective as male T. mundella in attracting females. Compounds 3 and 4 did not enhance the blend's attractiveness. Received October 11 2002; accepted March 14, 2003. R1D=" Correspondence to: Gerhard Gries, email: gries@sfu.ca     

邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶基因克隆、定位和高效表达

采用特异性引物，以菲、芘降解菌株ZL5的代谢性质粒为模板，扩增出邻苯二酚2，3—双加氧酶(C23O)基因，将该基因和表达载体pET—30a( )连接，转化E.coli JM109(DE3)，获得了高效表达的转化子，SDS—PAGE结果表明，转化子的C23O蛋白不仅在细胞内存在，而且能被分泌到胞外，薄层扫描显示，转化子细胞内和细胞外表达蛋白总量占细胞总蛋白的42％，酶活分析表明，分布在转化子细胞内、外的表达蛋白都具有较高的C23O比活力，Southern杂交将菌株ZL5的C23O基因定位在内生质粒的不同酶切片段上。图5表1参12。     

Bridging the gap between mechanistic and adaptive explanations of territory formation

How animals divide space can have fundamental implications for the population dynamics of territorial species. It has recently been proposed that space can be divided if animals tend to avoid fight locations, rather than the winner of fights gaining access to exclusive resources, behaviour that generates exclusive territories in two-dimensional space. A game-theory model has shown that this avoidance behaviour can be adaptive, but the adaptiveness has not been investigated in a spatially realistic context. We present a model that investigates potential strategies for the acquisition of territories when two-dimensional space must be divided between individuals. We examine whether exclusive territories form when animals avoid all encounters with others, or only those encounters that have led to losing fights, under different fighting costs and population densities. Our model suggests that when fighting costs are high, and the population density is low, the most adaptive behaviour is to avoid fight locations, which generates well-defined, exclusive territories in a population that is able to resist invasion by more aggressive strategies. Low fighting costs and high population densities lead to the break-down of territoriality and the formation of large, overlapping home ranges. We also provide a novel reason as to why so-called paradoxical strategies do not exist in nature: if we define a paradoxical strategy as an exact mirror-image of a common-sense one, it must respond in the opposite way to a draw as well as to wins and losses. When this is the case, and draws are common (fight outcomes are often not clear-cut in nature), the common-sense strategy is more often adaptive than a paradoxical alternative.Communicated by P. Bednekoff     

毛竹混交林主要种群多维生态位特征

应用生态位空间分割法，分别考虑资源利用率与否测定毛竹混交林多维资源空间中主要种群多维生态位宽度及多维生态位重叠，结果表明：考虑资源利用率与否对多维生态位宽度的测定有较大的影响，毛竹混交林中主要种群的多维生态位宽度与物种的生物学特性及竞争力密切相关，同一生境中物种的多维生态位重叠可通过生态位分化而减少竞争，研究毛竹混交林主要种群多维生态位特征对毛竹混交林营造具有指导作用．表8参24．     

Antennal responses of four species of tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to volatiles collected from beetles,and their host and nonhost conifers

Summary. Host selection in tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is mediated by a complex of semiochemical cues. Using gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric analyses, we conducted a comparative study of the electrophysiological responses of four species of tree-killing bark beetles, the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Hopkins, the mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, D. rufipennis Kirby, and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, to volatiles captured by aeration of 1) bole and foliage of four sympatric species of conifers, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm., interior spruce, Picea engelmannii x glauca, and interior fir, Abies lasiocarpa x bifolia, and 2) con- and heterospecific beetles at three stages of attack. We identified 13 monoterpenes in the conifers and nine compounds in the volatiles of beetles that elicited antennal responses. There was no qualitative difference in the terpene constitution of the four species of conifers and very little difference across beetle species in their antennal response to compounds from conifers or beetles. The lack of species-specific major or minor components in conifers suggests that beetles would need to detect differences in the ratios of different compounds in conifers to discriminate among them. Attraction to hosts and avoidance of nonhost conifers may be accentuated by perception of compounds emitted by con- and heterospecific beetles, respectively. The 22 compounds identified are candidate semiochemicals with potential behavioural roles in host location and discrimination.     

17O-NMR研究Al(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅲ)盐对水缔合的影响

测试了AlCl3,Al2(SO4)3,FeCl3,Fe2(SO4)3等对水的^17O-NMR化学位移和半峰宽的影响。并利用水^17O-NMR化学位移和半峰宽的变化与氢键的关系，分析了AlCl3,Al2(SO4)3。FeCl3,Fe2(SO4)3等对水缔合的影响，研究表明，AlCl3,Al2(SO4)3。FeCl3,Fe2(SO4)3等对水缔合有促进作用。且Fe^3 对水缔合的作用大于Al^3 。