高铁酸盐预氧化对松花江水混凝效果的影响

以高铁酸钾和硫酸铝为预氧化剂和混凝剂,考察了NH ,4-N、浊度、TOC、AOC和相对分子质量分布(Mr)等参数的变化,分析了高铁酸钾预氧化对松花江水源水性质产生的影响.结果表明,单独硫酸铝混凝时,在混凝剂投量为50mg·L-1的条件下,松花江水的UV254、浊度、TOC的去除率分别为36.7%、80.2%、31.1%.当高铁酸钾为预氧化剂,投量为1 mg·L-1,时,混凝后松花江水的UV254、浊度、TOC的去除率分别为63.3%、89.6%、37.%.铁酸盐预氧化使混凝后的NH ,4-N值上升了17%.高铁酸盐预氧化使松花江水混凝后的AOC值从998 μg·L-1升到1 241 μg·L-1,同时,使混凝后的AOC/TOC从28.4%上升到38.7%,很大程度上提高了原水中有机物的可生物降解性.这一过程中, AOC-P17所代表的醛酮类物质显著增加,达到总AOC的83%.溶解态有机物分子量分布的考察表明, Mr小于500的分子所占的百分比由单独混凝时的38.9%上升到预氧化后的65.0%,证明高铁酸钾预氧化将原水中的大分子有机物氧化成小分子有机物.分子有机物的增加引起了原水可生物降解性的提高.     

Pilot plant study on ozonation and biological activated carbon process for drinking water treatment

A study on advanced drinking water treatment was conducted in a pilot scale plant taking water from conventional treatment process. Ozonation-biological activated carbon process （O3-BAC） and granular activated carbon process （GAC） were evaluated based on the following parameters： CODMn, UV254, total organic carbon （TOC）, assimilable organic carbon （AOC） and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon （BDOC）. In this test, the average removal rates of CODMn, UV254 and TOC in O3-BAC were 18.2%, 9.0% and 10.2% higher on （AOC） than in GAC, respectively. Ozonation increased 19.3-57.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-P17, 45.6-130.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-NOX and 0.1-0.5 mg/L in BDOC with ozone doses of 2 8 mg/L. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 3 mgO3/L. BAC filtration was effective process to improve biostability.     

混凝处理工艺对再生水水质生物稳定性的影响

再生水在储存、输配过程中微生物的再生长现象给再生水的利用造成不利影响,因此,研究再生水的生物稳定性十分必要.本研究以可同化有机碳(AOC)表征再生水生物稳定性,考察了混凝处理对北京市再生水厂二级出水生物稳定性的影响.研究发现,二级出水中投加聚合氯化铝(PACl)剂量为20~120 mg·L~(-1)混凝处理后,水中溶解性有机碳(DOC)和不饱和有机物、含氮有机物(用UV254表征)的去除率分别为3%~30%和10%~36%,水样中荧光物质的去除效果不明显.分子量为3000~20000 Da的有机物容易被混凝过程去除,但分子量小于3000 Da的有机物在混凝过程中几乎不能被去除.二级出水经混凝处理后,AOC水平有升高的趋势.在PACl投加量为60 mg·L~(-1)时,混凝前后二级出水的AOC水平分别为48~485μg·L~(-1)和121~910μg·L~(-1),变化率为-4%~124%,说明混凝处理导致了水样水质生物稳定性降低.     

不同消毒剂对饮用水中可同化有机碳的影响

以某地表水为原水（TOC为5．3mg／L），研究了氯、氯胺和臭氧3种消毒剂对可同化有机碳（AOC）的影响。结果表明，投加1mg／L氯氧化30min就会使AOC升高近3倍。投加3种剂量（1、2、3mg／L）的氯胺，氧化30min时AOC增加不到1倍；氧化24h时AOC浓度均比30min时的高，这说明氯胺的作用机理与氯不同。投加臭氧2．0mg／L氧化30min时可使AOC增加2．4倍；当臭氧质量浓度大于2．0mg／L时，AOC开始下降，这说明一部分中间产物进一步被氧化成了二氧化碳和水。     

磷与水中细菌再生长的关系

利用细菌再生长潜力(Bacterial Regrowth Potential,BRP)的微生物分析方法,研究了水中的磷对其生物稳定性的限制因子作用.试验测试水样为经过净水工艺处理后的出水,净水工艺处理的原水取自我国北方某水库.结果表明,在测试水样中添加50pg/L的PO₄^3--P(NaH₂PO₄)后,水样的BRP增加了100%～235%.在水样中添加各种无机盐后得到的BRP同仅添加NaH₂PO₄得到的结果相差不大,而在水样中添加1mg/L的乙酸碳(NaAc)后BRP只增加了30%～40%,大大小于只添加磷的水样,这表明在该水样中磷是细菌生长的限制因子.本试验说明,有效地去除水中的磷可以作为限制饮用水中细菌再生长,提高饮用水生物稳定性的一个重要途径.     

Significant increase of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels in MBR effluents followed by coagulation,ozonation and combined treatments: Implications for biostability control of reclaimed water

• Annual AOCs in MBR effluents were stable with small increase in warmer seasons. • Significant increase in AOC levels of tertiary effluents were observed. • Coagulation in prior to ozonation can reduce AOC formation in tertiary treatment. • ∆UV₂₅₄ and SUVA can be surrogates to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. As water reuse development has increased, biological stability issues associated with reclaimed water have gained attention. This study evaluated assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in effluents from a full-scale membrane biological reactor (MBR) plant and found that they were generally stable over one year (125–216 µg/L), with slight increases in warmer seasons. After additional tertiary treatments, the largest increases in absolute and specific AOCs were detected during ozonation, followed by coagulation-ozonation and coagulation. Moreover, UV₂₅₄ absorbance is known to be an effective surrogate to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. Applying coagulation prior to ozonation of MBR effluents for removal of large molecules was found to reduce the AOC formation compared with ozonation treatment alone. Finally, the results revealed that attention should be paid to seasonal variations in influent and organic fraction changes during treatment to enable sustainable water reuse.     

供水管壁的磷释放对管网水质生物稳定性的影响

为了研究供水系统金属管壁磷释放及其对管网水质生物稳定性的影响,采用新旧有水泥涂衬球墨铸铁管,考察了管壁和水泥涂衬中磷的含量,管网水中可同化有机碳(AOC)、异养菌平板计数(HPC)及生物可利用磷(MAP)的变化规律.结果表明,在铸铁管金属管壁和水泥涂衬中均有磷元素及其他微生物生长所需微量元素存在.旧管和新管均可向悬浮水中释放磷元素并可被微生物吸收利用,旧管释放水平高于新管;同时旧管释放产生的AOC和旧管水中的HPC也明显高于新管;新管对水中pH值有明显影响,但随时间推移逐渐减弱.     

纳滤膜组合工艺去除饮用水中可同化有机碳和致突变物

分别以太湖水和淮河水为水源的两地水厂出厂水为研究对象，研究纳滤膜组合工艺对饮用水中可同化有机碳和致突变物的去除效果。研究表明，纳滤膜对可同化有机碳的去除率为80%，能确保饮用水的生物稳定性。对致突变物的去除率大于90%。使Ames实验结果由阳性转为阴性。对两地不同原水均能生产出安全优质的饮用水。     

Effect of different molecular weight organic components on the increase of microbial growth potential of secondary effluent by ozonation

Ozonation has been widely applied in advanced wastewater treatment. In this study, the effect of ozonation on assimilable organic carbon （AOC） levels in secondary effluents was investigated, and AOC variation of different molecular weight （MW） organic components was analyzed. Although the removal efflciencies were 47%-76% and 94%-100% for UV2s4 and color at ozone dosage of 10 mg/L, dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in secondary effluents was hardly removed by ozonation. The AOC levels increased by 70%-780% at an ozone dosage range of 1-10 mg/L. AOC increased significantly in the instantaneous ozone demand phase, and the increase in AOC was correlated to the decrease in UV254 during ozonation. The results of MW distribution showed that, ozonation led to the transformation of larger molecules into smaller ones, but the increase in low MW （〈1 kDa） fraction did not contribute much to AOC production. The change of high MW （〉100 kDa and 10-100 kDa） fractions itself during ozonation was the main reason for the increase of AOC levels. Furthermore, the oxidation of organic matters with high MWs （〉 100 kDa and 10-100 kDa） resulted in more AOC production than those with low MWs （1-10 kDa and 〈1 kDa）. The results indicated that removing large molecules in secondary effluents could limit the increase of AOC during ozonation.