基于改进TOPSIS模型的西部河谷型城市生态安全时空分异及障碍因子诊断

西部河谷型城市生态安全及障碍因子诊断对协调西部地区城市生态环境保护与社会经济产业持续发展具有重要意义。基于PSR模型集成改进TOPSIS和障碍度诊断模型,选取2005-2015年西部地区20个典型河谷型城市为评价单元,对生态安全系统时空演化规律及障碍因子进行实证分析。结果表明:1)西部河谷型城市生态安全水平整体呈上升趋势,但总体处于临界安全级(Ⅲ)水平;2)生态安全呈西高东低、北高南低的空间格局特征,生态安全空间差异性明显,但随着时间推移,各城市生态安全差异有缩小趋势,生态安全水平下降的城市数量在减少,生态安全水平上升的城市数量在增加;3)准则层中用地状态和经济响应是制约生态安全的主要障碍因子,指标层中环保投入占财政支出比重、人均公园绿地面积、人均水资源占有量、人均耕地面积、人均城市道路面积、科技投入占财政支出比重、城镇化水平7项因子成为主要的障碍因子。因城市规模不同,西部河谷型城市生态安全主要障碍因子变化特征不一。     

近距离上保护层开采最小安全岩柱厚度研究

运用岩石力学知识和数值模拟方法,分析近距离保护层矩形掘进巷道周边的应力分布规律以及巷道塑性区范围的确定方法,并结合平煤集团五矿的保护层开采条件,利用FLAC数值计算程序对该矿近距离上保护层掘进期间不同岩柱厚度条件下的保护层底板塑性破坏范围进行数值模拟,在此基础上,提出合理确定保护层底板安全岩柱厚度的方法,现场观测结果表明,理论计算与数值模拟结果比较吻合,符合生产实际。     

鞍山市供水水质安全面临的问题与保障对策

从生活饮用水质安全的角度评价了鞍山市供水水质的安全现状，分析了鞍山市供水水质安全面临的各种挑战，探讨了影响水质安全的主要问题，并提出对鞍山市水质安全的保障对策和技术措施。     

国家天然气安全评价指标体系的构建与应用

围绕如何测度并改善天然气安全这一核心议题,引入并修正了APERC能源安全“4A”分析框架,运用层次分析法与德尔斐法,构建了天然气安全评价指标体系,对主要天然气净进口国和净出口国的天然气安全状况进行了量化评估。评估发现：（1）天然气安全四维度（资源可利用性、经济可承受性、贸易可获得性与环境可接受性）的不可或缺性意味着综合表现优异的国家安全水平更高;（2）8个二级指标中,可采储量、个体可承受性等指标的权重更大;（3）天然气净出口国在资源可利用性、经济可承受性和贸易可获得性方面有优势,整体表现优于进口国。就中国而言,可从加快资源开发、完善市场机制、扩大进口渠道和提高资源利用效率四个方面提高天然气安全水平。     

Seeking Indigenous food sovereignty: origins of and responses to the food crisis in northern Manitoba,Canada

A food crisis confronts many Indigenous communities in northwestern Canada, as reflected by wide-scale food insecurity and diet-related disease. South-generated responses to this crisis generally disregard principles of Indigenous food sovereignty and are disengaged from concerns related to environmental and food justice. This study seeks to explore the needs and priorities of a First Nation (Misipawistik Cree Nation) and an associated Métis community (Grand Rapids) regarding existing and potential responses to the food crisis in northern Manitoba. Substantial changes to the traditional food system were initiated during the establishment of the reserve system in the 1800s and now extend to damage associated with hydro development. Responses to these changes were categorised according to themes and include the revival of country food traditions, individual and community gardens, agriculture in the North, and better quality imported foods. Regardless of response, decision-making needs to be community-driven, culturally appropriate, to reflect local priorities in order to effectively address the northern food crisis, and, ultimately, needs to work towards Indigenous food sovereignty to be effective.     

Impacts of Marine Protected Areas on Fishing Communities

Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a popular conservation strategy, but their impacts on human welfare are poorly understood. To inform future research and policy decisions, we reviewed the scientific literature to assess MPA impacts on five indicators of human welfare: food security, resource rights, employment, community organization, and income. Following MPA establishment, food security generally remained stable or increased in older and smaller MPAs. The ability of most fishing groups to govern MPA resources changed. Increased resource rights were positively correlated with MPA zoning and compliance with MPA regulations. Small sample sizes precluded statistical tests of the impacts of MPAs on employment, community organization, and income. Our results demonstrate that MPAs shape the social well‐being and political power of fishing communities; impacts (positive and negative) vary within and among social groups; and social impacts are correlated with some—but not all—commonly hypothesized explanatory factors. Accordingly, MPAs may represent a viable strategy for enhancing food security and empowering local communities, but current practices negatively affect at least a minority of fishers. To inform policy making, further research must better document and explain variation in the positive and negative social impacts of MPAs.     

新农村建设背景下农村环境教育对策研究

目前我国新农村环境形势十分严峻,环境教育薄弱是一个重要的原因.农村环境教育是我国环境教育的重要组成部分,也是当前我国环境保护和环境教育工作的重点.设计切实可行的教育方案是成功实施农村环境教育的关键.在论述环境教育意义的基础上,分析了强化平台基地建设和推进环境信息公开,在农村环境宣传教育中的基础作用.设计了领导干部和公务员、乡镇企业领导和员工、农民、城镇居民、大学生和未成年人等五大重点群体环境教育方案,提出了确保环境教育取得实效的长效保障机制对策建议.     

井下运输安全性的灰色综合评判

以平顶山煤业（集团）公司一矿（简称平一矿）为例,运用灰色系统理论,对井下运输系统的安全性进行了灰色综合评判,指出了影响运输安全的人、机、环境各因素中存在的问题,并提出了相应的提高安全性的措施。     

A Yin‐Yang approach to education policy regarding health and the environment: early‐careerists' image of the future and priority programmes

Since the inception of sustainable development (SD), there has been a somewhat ignored contradiction between paradigms that are ecosystem‐based and paradigms that are human‐based or purely economic. We suggest that this contradiction can be unified through a balance of the two. The Chinese Yin‐Yang philosophy is applied as a tool or approach to seeking balance between these ecocentric and anthropocentric paradigms. Priority education policy design for the merging of ecology and health are projected through an Ecohealth lens in response to increasing SD challenges and the intention of the international Ecohealth organization to contribute to SD goals. Meeting SD goals along the nexus of health and environment is further considered through early‐careerist cultural assessments and projections. The groups considered for their professional image of the future are: members of the Ecohealth Association Student Section and Chinese early‐careerists participating in a related conference. In response to SD goals, a problem‐based learning design is suggested as an education policy priority. Rather than approaching SD as a boolean concept, for example, by either focusing on ecosystem sustainability or economic development, we suggest education policy for programmes and curriculums that will help emerging professionals balance these paradigms, so as to best address national and global challenges.