区域生态安全机理与扰动因素评价指标体系研究

针对P-S-R(压力—状态—响应)框架在生态安全评价中存在的局限性,在剖析区域生态安全和生态安全空间概念的基础上,提出了状态—隐患—响应(S-D-R)的生态安全机理框架。隐患越小,危害效果越弱,系统响应能力越强,系统生态安全状态最好;隐患越大,危害效果越强,系统响应能力越弱,系统生态安全状态最差;隐患越小,危害效果越弱,系统响应能力越弱,系统生态安全状态中等;隐患越大,危害效果越强,系统响应能力也越强,系统生态安全状态中等。根据评价对象各组成部分之间的相互关系,从大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类活动的隐患因素出发,结合其影响人类生活、生产、生存方面的多维空间结构构筑了多层次评价指标体系。     

我国环境安全的主要问题与安全战略

耕地资源与粮食安全、水资源安全、石油安全、生态安全等已成为建立全球视角“泛疆城”的大安全观,实施可持续发展安全战略是解决中国生态环境安全问题的基础和保证。     

网站信息的安全策略研究

网站是信息的发布中心 ,其数据库中存放着大量的供用户共享的重要信息 ,因此 ,网站信息安全是网站建设和运行过程中应该充分考虑和重视的问题。笔者从信息之源 (数据库 )、数据库运行环境 (操作系统 )以及信息发布平台 (Web服务器 ) 3个方面 ,论述了网站信息安全问题 ,并结合当前流行的实用系统 ,阐述了网站信息的安全策略     

震害预测中的场地因素调整

本文针对震害预测中的普通场地，讨论了与之有关的震害影响问题。基于ＧＢＪ１１—８９规范所给地震影响系数曲线，这里讨论并得到了不同场地的地震抗力调整系数。它们与一些经验或统计的系数相近，但与之比较，场地因素的调整作用增强。初步应用表明，这个结果更接近实际，且对工程选址和勘探有一定参考价值。     

Reproducing or dispersing? Using trait based habitat templet models to analyse Orthoptera response to flooding and land use

Habitat templet theory predicts that habitat provides the templet on which evolution shapes species’ multiple traits and thus their characteristic life-history strategies. By analysing entire trait communities (multiple species and traits) in this framework we can enhance our understanding of how species composition changes as environmental constraints vary across the landscape. Here, we study multiple traits of floodplain Orthoptera communities under the influence of two different sources of disturbance, land use and seasonal flooding.The application of two recently developed statistical techniques - qualitative RLQ analysis and subsequent fourth-corner permutation tests - revealed two different life history strategies in Orthoptera as a response to ecological disturbances, resulting from land use management and seasonal flooding. Orthoptera species seem to have developed two complementary strategies: (i) the high active dispersal-low reproduction strategy in intensive land use situations and (ii) the high passive dispersal-high reproduction strategy in areas with high flood disturbance. Disturbance gradients act as trait filters allowing only particular trait combinations i.e. species with particular preadaptations to survive, whereas others go regionally extinct. Reproduction and dispersal capacity seem to be inversely associated with the disturbance gradients. Ovariole number, taken as the measure for reproduction, showed significant phylogenetic signal, which could potentially confound this relationship. Nonetheless, RLQ analyses coupled with fourth-corner permutation tests proved a powerful tool to reveal and disentangle different evolutionary strategies.     

基于RDBMS的海洋溢油生物资源损害评估空间数据库研究

为满足海洋溢油生物资源损害评估数据管理和共享的应用需求,提出构建基于关系数据库(RDBMS)的空间数据库.通过分析电子海图和评估模型数据中的矢量、栅格、时空等空间数据类型及其特征,探讨了RDBMS支持下的空间数据组织、压缩存储、维护管理的实现方法,并建立了基于空间数据库引擎的空间数据访问模式.应用实例表明,基于RDBM...     

Storm impacts along European coastlines. Part 1: The joint effort of the MICORE and ConHaz Projects

The current paper discusses the topic of marine storm impact along European coastlines, presenting results from two FP7 Projects currently focusing on this topic, one working on the physical aspects of the problem (MICORE) and the other one on the socio-economic implications (ConHaz).The MICORE Project aims to provide on-line predictions of storm-related physical hazards (hydrodynamic as well as morphodynamic). The ConHaz Project addresses the socio-economic implications should these (or other) hazards actually materialize. Together these projects aim to deliver crucial information for emergency response efforts, while realizing the practical limitations for information processing and dissemination during crisis situations.The MICORE Project has developed and demonstrated on-line tools for reliable predictions of the morphological impact of marine storm events in support of civil protection mitigation strategies. The project specifically targeted the development of early warning and information systems to support short term emergency response in case of an extreme storm event. The current paper discusses in detail the outcome of an activity of databasing historical storm data. No clear changes in storminess were observed, except for some storm proxies (e.g. surges) and only at some locations (e.g. northern Adriatic, southern Baltic, etc.).The ConHaz Project undertook a desktop study of the methods normally used for evaluating the impact of marine storms and the associated coastal hazards considering direct costs, costs due to disruption of production processes, indirect costs, intangible costs, and costs of adaptation and mitigation measures. Several methods for cost estimation were reviewed. From the review it emerged that normally end-users only evaluate direct costs after the storms, while the cost of adaptation and mitigation measures is only done strategically in the context of Integrated Coastal Zone Management plans. As there is no standardized method for cost evaluations in this field, it is suggested that clear guidelines should be produced on the basis of simplicity for use by end-users. The integration between historical databases of the physical parameters of storms and detailed cost evaluation information would support the development of a knowledge background in end-users and justify the development of adaptation strategies.     

提高石油企业安全环保督察服务质量的探讨

本文介绍了中石化西北油田分公司安全环保督察服务理念和提高现场督察服务的具体措施,以期为促进油田安全环保督察服务工作以及提高石油企业督察工作质量提供借鉴.     

德国职业安全与健康管理

介绍了德国职业安全健康管理体系以及监督管理的主要手段措施,提出了在我国现阶段需要借鉴的几点建议。     

建立河流水质污染预警体系 保护河流水质安全

建立河流水质预警体系对保障河流水质安全具有极其重要的作用,是保护河流水质安全的重要内容之一。本文针对国内河流潜存的环境污染及事故风险现状,提出建立流域污染预警系统、河流水环境风险评估体系以应对河流突发污染事件发生,确保河流水环境安全,实现河流水资源可持续利用。