论安全管理改革的几个深层次问题

论述了安全管理改革的几个带普遍性的和需要从理论上解决的问题。提出了“九五”期和２０１０ 年期间的安全管理体制、运行机制、实行方法改革和企业安全管理改革等方面必须向深层次过渡，以尽快结束新旧体制交替中的磨和冲突所带来的矛盾     

The transtheoretical model of change in adolescents: implications for injury prevention

INTRODUCTION: Many injury prevention interventions require changes in human behavior to reduce self-risk or risk to others. Promising injury prevention interventions may be discarded if they lack power to create a significant difference in outcomes when judging their ability to "move a person from nonaction or negative action to positive action (safety)." The transtheoretical model of change (TMC) allows greater sensitivity in detecting along the change process where an intervention may be effective. The stages of change consist of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Change is not viewed as an "all or none phenomenon." METHOD: Use of the TMC was examined using a quasiexperimental, cross-over design involving high school agriculture students enrolled in 21 schools in Kentucky (n=9), Iowa (n=7), and Mississippi (n=5). A series of physical and narrative simulations (safety training exercises) were developed with a focus on preventing amputation, spinal cord injury, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and noise-induced hearing loss. Contemplation and action, as part of the TMC, were measured using a 10-item, Likert-type, stages of change (SOC) instrument comprised of two subscales (reliability coefficients were.88 and.81, respectively). The final sample consisted of 790 students (373 treatment and 417 control). RESULTS: There was a significant group effect for both contemplation, F(1,732)=197.4; p<.0001, and action, F(1,730)=106.1; p<.0001. A convenience sample of 29 of the participating students was selected for follow-up farm visits 1 year postparticipation. Of these students, 25 (86%) had made safety behavior changes in their farm work. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The use of the TMC model can provide researchers with greater precision in examining intervention effectiveness in promoting change.     

基于GIS的铁路行车事故救援系统研究

笔者扼要探讨了构建基于GIS的铁路行车事故救援系统的相关理论和方法 ,提出了该系统的设计目标、功能结构、体系结构以及空间数据库设计的简要准则和空间数据的输入方法。笔者还介绍了结合实际科研项目 ,开发的大秦线事故救援辅助决策支持系统。该系统具有以下几方面的特点 :在以工务信息为主体的基础上 ,实现了车、机、工、电、辆各部门主要业务信息以及事故救援预案信息的初步整合 ;实现了线路录像按里程点播以及录像与线路设备综合图的联动 ;实现了事故救援的辅助决策支持 ,提供了一个可以扩展的理想平台。     

Safety rules: procedural freedom or action constraint?

The paper presents a partial classification of safety rules as constraints imposed from outside on the freedom of choice of individuals or companies. The classification is linked to the Reason model of skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based behaviour. The imposition of constraints is related to a number of criteria concerning the context and use of the rules to arrive at proposals for when and where to apply what type of rule. To illustrate the principles discussed an example is given of the rule from the Dutch Working Environment legislation concerning the requirement to use “current state of the art in prevention” in companies. The paper proposes providing procedural rule support to companies on how to meet the rule, in the form of a data bank of practicable solutions to health and safety problems.     

对一起矿井动力现象事故的分析探讨

本文对一起“矿井动力现象”事故,从发生这起事故的条件和可能性及其事故后的特征等多方面进行了分析论证,认为该次事故不是一起“矿井动力现象”——煤与瓦斯突出,而是一次因放炮引起的瓦斯爆炸事故。指出了发生这次事故的原因,总结了该次事故的经验及教训,同时也提出了防止这类事故的预防措施。     

白银公司安全生产标准化建设的理论与实践

通过对白银有色金属公司安全生产标准化建设的分析与研究,阐明了安全生产标准化建设的内容和机理,并提出了创建的方法,为我国国有大中型企业在社会主义市场经济条件下,如何强化安全管理,推荐一种新的管理模式和方法     

表面化学改性活性炭对有机物吸附的研究进展

综述了国内外学者对氧化改性和还原改性活性炭吸附有机物的研究进展。氧化改性和还原改性活性炭的比表面积、表面官能团和表面pHpzc都发生了变化,因此对液态和气态有机物的吸附发生变化。吸附机理主要是通过改变三种力的作用形式和大小,即扩散力、供-受电子机制和静电作用。氧化改性活性炭不利于吸附水溶液中的有机物,还原改性活性炭有利于吸附水溶液中的有机物,氧化改性和还原改性活性炭都有利于吸附气态中极性有机物。     

盘锦市地面水环境污染现状及防治措施

本文重点叙述了盘锦地区由于油、气的开采，石化工业的迅速发展，新老工业污染源对环境、特别是水的污染问题．目前辽河下游水质超过地面水三类标准，近海海域也受到污染，水生生态遭到破坏．为了控制污染，改善生态环境，本文对在石油开采时的溢油事故提出了有针对性的防治措施．     

"松花江污染事件"的软毁伤效应

通过对2005年11月发生的松花江污染事件的分析,说明对于越来越频繁的突发性环境污染事件,不仅要及时处置已造成的环境污染和人员伤害,减轻其危害后果,由此而引起的社会软毁伤的防护也应该提起全社会的重视。建立一套行之有效的突发性环境污染事件应急处理机制,及时公开有关信息及处理措施,保持信息畅通,是减轻软毁伤的前提条件。     

3.29京沪高速液氯泄漏事故应急监测方法选择和效果评述

介绍了“3.29”液氯泄漏污染事故应急监测过程中确立监测方案和科学选择监测方法以及取得的为事故处理指挥部提供优质快速的技术支持和服务的效果。