Accumulation and metal fluxes in the central Venice Lagoon during the last century

Samples from 18 short sediment cores were analyzed for major and trace metals (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Si, Ti, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr), ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, total organic carbon, grain size, and mineralogical composition to find the record of major environmental changes, either natural or anthropogenic, and to establish their chronologies. Some sediments are characterized by nearly constant composition over time, but others clearly show signs of an increasing marine influence, as an increase of the carbonate contents, after the opening of the Malamocco-Marghera Canal in 1969. These changes sometimes obscure the real pattern of pollutants and tracers, which is revealed by normalization against Al. Zn is the most important contaminant, with concentration factors up to 9.3 times the background level, and the most contaminated sediments are those within a few kilometers from the industrial district of Porto Marghera. ²¹⁰Pb activity-depth profiles were used to calculate apparent accumulation rates that provide a basis for the assessment of metal fluxes. The sediments of several sites show a significant increase in anthropogenic metal contamination starting from the second decade of last century, with maximum inputs from 1930 to 1970. The decrease of heavy metal concentrations observed in surficial sediments of some sampling sites could be related to a recent reduction of pollutant inputs.     

强化管理全面贯彻环保法规

环境保护作为我国的基本国策之，已越来越受到全社会的重视和关注，国家也相继颁布了一系列环保法规。如何学习、领会和宣传环保法规，从而把环保法规落到实处，就显得尤为重要。本文就加强环保法规宣传、强化环保管理、加大环境监测力度、全面贯彻环保法规，从而提高油田环境质量进行了探讨。     

有机污染物水排放标准推荐值的确定

针对我国《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996存在的问题,根据以毒理学实验数据为基础的水环境目标值和排放目标值,参考美国EPA推荐的水质量标准、GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》、GB3838-2002《地面水质量标准》和实测的环境数据,提出重点控制有机污染物水排放标准推荐值。     

Environmental degradation and remediation: is economics part of the problem?

It is argued that standard environmental economic and 'ecological economics', have the same fundamentals of valuation in terms of money, based on a demand curve derived from utilitymaximization. But this approach leads to three different measuresof value. An invariant measure of value exists only if the consumer has 'homothetic preferences'. In order to obtain a numerical estimate of value, specific functional forms are necessary, but typically these estimates do not converge. This is due to the fact that the underlying economic model is not structurally stable.According to neoclassical economics, any environmental remediation can be justified only in terms of increases in consumer satisfaction, balancing marginal gains against marginal costs. It is not surprising that the optimal policy obtained fromthis approach suggests only small reductions in greenhouse gases.We show that a unidimensional metric of consumer's utility measured in dollar terms can only trivialize the problem of global climate change.     

青藏铁路临界翻车风速研究

分析了青藏铁路沿线不同季节大风平均风速、最大风速和超过8级风天数。由于空气密度随海拔上升而减小,大风对铁路运输安全的影响与低海拔地区差异较大。笔者利用车辆动力学原理建立了列车的临界翻车风速模型,研究了高寒铁路不同海拔地区和冻土地区的临界翻车风速。研究结果表明:青藏高寒铁路临界翻车风速随海拔升高而增大,而随冻土路基病害出现而降低的规律。参考英、日等国大风标准,结合青藏高原的特点,根据危险翻车风速和临界翻车风速,首次提出青藏高原铁路海拔4000m地区安全行车标准。     

地铁列车振动对精密仪器和设备的影响及减振措施

轨道交通对环境产生的振动问题已引起人们的重视,但是关于对精密仪器造成影响的研究成果非常少。随着城市轨道交通的快速发展和地面机构的修建,便捷的轨道交通与精密仪器的使用将形成无法回避的矛盾。因此,关于振动对精密仪器、设备影响的研究具有重要的现实意义和科研价值。为此,笔者探讨地铁振动对精密仪器和设备影响的表现,详细介绍仪器和设备允许振动的含义及影响因素等,建议采用综合减振措施,并提出综合治理及减振措施设计原则,为减振措施的选取和设计提供了参考,同时还指出了该领域中还需进一步研究的几个问题。     

对中国排污收费制度改革的思考

排污收费制度是中国环境政策中一个核心的管理手段。它是我国为强化环境管理，运用经济手段，促进工业企业污染防治的一个独特的制度。在新的市场经济体制下和环境目标下，这项制度已不能适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要，因而在必要进行改革以适应新形势下环境保护工作的需要。在分析现行排污收费制度基础上，对我国现行的收费制度、政策和标准等的改革提出见解。     

Accumulation, transportation, and distribution of tetracycline and cadmium in rice

Co-exposure to heavy metal and antibiotic pollution might result in complexation and synergistic interactions, affecting rice growth and further exacerbating pollutant enrichment. Therefore, our study sought to clarify the influence of different Tetracycline (TC) and Cadmium(Cd) concentration ratios (both alone and combined) on rice growth, pollutant accumulation, and transportation during the tillering stage in hydroponic system. Surprisingly, our findings indicated that the interaction between TC and Cd could alleviate the toxic effects of TC/Cd on aerial rice structures and decrease pollutant burdens during root elongation. In contrast, TC and Cd synergistically promoted the accumulation of TC/Cd in rice roots. However, their interaction increased the accumulation of TC in roots while decreasing the accumulation of Cd when the toxicant doses increased. The strong affinity of rice to Cd promoted its upward transport from the roots, whereas the toxic effects of TC reduced TC transport. Therefore, the combined toxicity of the two pollutants inhibited their upward transport. Additionally, a low concentration of TC promoted the accumulation of Cd in rice mainly in the root tip. Furthermore, a certain dose of TC promoted the upward migration of Cd from the root tip. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry demonstrated that Cd mainly accumulated in the epidermis and stele of the root, whereas Fe mainly accumulated in the epidermis, which inhibited the absorption and accumulation of Cd by the rice roots through the generation of a Fe plaque. Our findings thus provide insights into the effects of TC and Cd co-exposure on rice growth.     

酚在鲤鱼体内的积累,分布和释放试验研究

研究酚在鲤鱼体内积累，分布和释放规律。鲤鱼饲养于０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ，０．０２５ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ酚液中，在３２ｄ内随时间延长积累量增加，肝，性腺是酚的主要蓄积器官。随酚浓度升高，鲤鱼体的浓缩系数下降。将受酚污染后的鲤鱼重返清水中饲养，４２ｄ后肌肉，鳃中酚释放率高，肝脏释放率低。     

生态城市的指标体系与评价方法

本文从城市生态系统结构，功能和功调度三方面构建了生态城市的指标体系，提出了生态城市的评价方法，并选择上海，深圳，天津，香港等五个沿海城市进行了城市生态化程度的分析。