苯胺和硝基苯胺对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的联合毒性

测得了苯胺与硝基苯胺对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的单一毒性和二元混合物的联合毒性.用相加指数法(AI)和相似性参数(λ)进行评价,两种方法得出一致的结论,即3种二元混合物的联合作用均为协同作用;比较混合物在等剂量,毒性单位比分别为1∶1,1∶4,2∶3,3∶2,4∶1下的AI值和λ值,发现均在等毒配比时的协同作用最强.      

尿素添加剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱氮工艺实验研究(Ⅱ)

对EA和PA两种添加剂,工艺条件变化对NOx脱除率影响有相同的规律：NOx脱除率不受烟气的浓度变化影响;随烟气的氧化度和吸收反应塔有效高度的增加而迅速增加。对吸收反应温度、尿素和添加剂质量分数、吸收塔有效高度进行正交实验得出最佳工艺条件为：吸收反应温度70℃;吸收塔有效高度1．8m;尿素和添加剂质量分数分别为10％和0．01％。在最佳工艺条件作验证实验得出结果与正交实验得出的结果基本符合,此时SO2脱除率为100%,NOx脱除率大于75％。     

Reuse of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) to produce ceramic materials

Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) is a residue resulting from the burning of bagasse in boilers in the sugarcane/alcohol industry. SCBA has a very high silica concentration and contains aluminum, iron, alkalis and alkaline earth oxides in smaller amounts. In this work, the properties of sintered ceramic bodies were evaluated based on the concentration of SCBA, which replaced non-plastic material. The ash was mixed (up to 60 wt%) with a clayed raw material that is used to produce roof tiles. Prismatic probes were pressed and sintered at different temperatures (up to 1200 °C). Technological tests of ceramic probes showed that the addition of ash has little influence on the ceramic properties up to 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis data showed that, above this temperature the ash participates in the sintering process and in the formation of new important phases. The results reported show that the reuse of SCBA in the ceramic industry is feasible.     

长沙地区O3污染潜势广义可加模型的季节分异性

基于长沙市2016—2019年臭氧（O₃）浓度的逐时监测资料以及该时段同时次的气象观测数据,首先利用相关性分析和方差膨胀因子相结合的方法排除了相对湿度、太阳辐射、气温、风速、气压之间存在多重共线性问题,进而构建了春、夏、秋、冬四季O₃日最大8 h滑动平均质量浓度（O₃-8 h）与上述气象因子的广义可加模型（GAMs）,分析了O₃污染潜势GAMs模型的季节分异特征。结果表明：①春、夏、秋、冬四季O₃与相对湿度、太阳辐射、气温、风速、气压各变量之间多呈现出非线性关系（自由度大于1）。②春、夏、秋、冬四季多变量GAMs模型方差解释率（IRV）分别为80.7%、60.2%、83.0%、81.4%,调整判定系数R²分别为0.795、0.564、0.819、0.795,即不同季节气象因子在GAMs模型中对O₃的解释能力存在显著差异,秋季最好,冬春季次之,夏季最差。③相对湿度、太阳辐射、气温是决定春、夏、秋、冬四季O₃浓度变化最重要的气象要素,但其重要性排序随季节有所变化,对应的太阳辐射的F统计值分别为140.841、36.606、14.16、46.377,相对湿度的F统计值分别为3.291、4.158、15.82、8.105,气温的F统计值分别为7.030、2.113、15.79、3.340。该结论揭示了气象因子对O₃演化影响的复杂性,并为后续O₃污染潜势的预报奠定了基础。     

汽油添加剂MTBE的最新研究及替代品

随着国家对环境保护的日趋重视，目前我国大部分城市禁止销售加铅汽油，使用TMBE作为汽油添加剂，可以提高汽油含氧量减少汽车尾气中的污染物，但由于其本身的性质，对环境可能带来的一些问题，也正被人们所重视。     

碱性电池中无汞添加剂的研究

为了寻找碱性电池中取代汞的缓蚀剂，通过腐蚀实验、极化曲线的测量，研究了单质金属Ｉｎ、Ｂｉ和有机物添加剂—硫脲、聚乙二醇和ＣＴＭＢ的联合作用。利用恒电位控制电沉积的方法，研究了这些有机物添加剂对碱液中锌枝晶生长的抑制作用。实验结果表明，在锌粉中加入单质金属—Ｉｎ、Ｂｉ，可以提高锌在碱液中的析氢超电势，减缓锌的腐蚀速度［１，２］。实验结果还证明，Ｉｎ、Ｂｉ和ＣＴＭＢ联合作用，对锌电极的缓蚀效果非常明显，而且，对抑制锌枝晶的生长和防止锌电极的变形也有显著作用。因此，本文认为，这几种添加剂联合使用很有可能成为碱性电池中取代汞的缓蚀剂     

Chlorine removal from MSWI fly ash by thermal treatment: Effects of iron/aluminum additives

The high content of alkali chlorides in municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ash limit its resource reuse due to the potential environmental risks.In this paper, with superheated steam as the gasifying agent and inducer, chlorides in fly ash were removed by thermal treatment within a moderate temperature range.Thermal treatment experiments were performed under different conditions: temperature(500–800℃), steam addition(mass ratio of steam to fly ash = 0.25–1) and residence time(0.5–3 hr).Iron and aluminum powders were added to fly ash to improve the chlorine removal efficiency.Water-soluble chlorides included Na Cl and KCl, and insoluble chlorides mainly included Ca(OH)Cl.The heating process with the addition of water steam was more efficient than that without steam in terms of the removal performance of water-soluble chlorides.The removal efficiency of soluble chlorides reached 75.25% for a mass ratio of 1:1 after 1-hr thermal treatment at 700℃.When the residence time was increased above 1 hr, the total dechlorination efficiency was not increased dramatically.Moreover, adding iron and aluminum powder into the fly ash improved the removal of water-insoluble chlorides, and the total dechlorination efficiency was increased by 11.41%–16.64%.     

水系灭火剂的研究与发展

综述了国内外水系灭火剂的研究现状，并讨论了水系灭火剂研究的发展方向     

粘性水灭火剂性能试验及灭火机理研究

水是常用灭火剂 ,但流失严重 ,灭火效率不高。在水中加入添加剂 ,提高水在固体表面的粘附性 ,减少流失 ,可显著提高灭火速度。笔者提出了应具有屈服假塑性流体特性的粘性水灭火剂 ,能在物体表面形成稳定的覆盖层 ,并具有较低的输送阻力。在水中加入 0 .4 %的KD - 1型添加剂 ,制成的粘性水灭火剂就具有上述的流体力学特性 ,该粘性水可在固体表面形成 1～ 5mm的稳定覆盖层。在木材火灾灭火试验中 ,粘性水的灭火时间是水灭火的 1/ 4。笔者还研讨了粘性水灭火剂的灭火机理 ,并指出该灭火剂适用的范围和开发前景。     

Calorimetry studies of ammonium nitrate – Effect of inhibitors,confinement, and heating rate

Ammonium nitrate (AN) has been widely used as a fertilizer for almost a century because it is an excellent nitrogen source. However, AN related explosions continue to occur time and again, despite the fact that AN has been extensively investigated. There have been more than 70 AN-related incidents during the last century, which reemphasize the dire need for further research on AN reactive hazards. This research focuses on the alternatives to make AN safer as a fertilizer by reducing its explosivity, by studying the effect of inhibitors, confinement, and heating rate on AN thermal decomposition using the Reactive Systems Screening Tool (RSST). First, the thermal decomposition of AN in the presence of different types of additives, including sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and ammonium sulfate, was studied under two concentrations, i.e., 2.8 wt.% and 12.5 wt.%. The results show that they are good inhibitors for AN. Second, the effect of confinement was tested by observing AN decomposition under five different initial pressures, varying from ambient pressure to 187 psig. It is concluded that confinement is dangerous to AN, which should be avoid in AN storage and transportation. Lastly, the effect of heating rate was studied by heating up AN under two heating rates of 0.25 °C min⁻¹ and 2 °C min⁻¹. The lower the heating rate, the lower the “onset” temperature detected.