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31.
Sundar Raj Chockalingam Micheal Kumar Peniel Pauldoss 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(12):1027-1033
This work aimed to prove the effects of adding different proportions of ethanol with diesel (DE) and ethanol–water mixture with diesel (DEW) in a single-cylinder diesel engine on the performance, emissions, and combustion parameters. The blends were stabilized by tetra methyl ammonium bromide (TMAB) as the additive. The study was conducted at two operating conditions initially on a normal diesel engine and in the second case the engine piston, valves, and cylinder head coated with zirconia (ZrO2) alumina (Al2O3). The results showed that the addition of 10% ethanol with diesel performed almost equivalent to neat diesel with 29.2% BTE and a 17.7% decrease in smoke and an 11.4% increase in NOx emission at peak load compared to that of the base fuel. Modified engines with thermal barrier coating (TBC) performed superior to normal engines with 4% and 5.5% increase in BTE, respectively, for DE- and DEW-type fuels with reduced exhaust emissions. A 5% addition of water with diesel–ethanol blends favors a higher proportion of ethanol to be employed in diesel engines. 相似文献
32.
In this paper, a simple model for analysing variability in radon concentrations in homes is tested. The approach used here involves two error components, representing additive and multiplicative errors, together with variation between-houses. We use a Bayesian approach for our analysis and apply this model to two datasets of repeat radon measurements in homes; one based on 3-month long measurements for which the original measurements were close to the current UK Radon Action Level (200 Bq m−3), and the other based on 6-month measurement data (from regional and national surveys), for which the original measurements cover a wide range of radon concentrations, down to very low levels. The model with two error components provides a better fit to these datasets than does a model based on solely multiplicative errors. 相似文献
33.
34.
废纸脱墨废水混凝性能研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对脱墨废水混凝处理的混凝剂和助凝剂的种类和用量进行了试验.结果表明:PIO较硫酸铝混凝性能好,添加少量PAM助凝剂有利于絮凝物的沉降,脱墨废水中SS、CODCr和BOD5的去除率分别达到85.4%,78.2%和71.7%. 相似文献
35.
对尿素和添加剂同时吸收烟气中 SO2 和 NOx 进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,烟气中 SO2 极易脱除 ,在实验条件下 SO2 脱除率均大于 99%,操作工艺条件变化主要是影响 NOx脱除率。尿素和添加剂质量分数对 NOx 脱除率影响较小 ,NOx脱除率随尿素和添加剂质量分数的增加而缓慢增加 ;吸收剂 p H和吸收反应温度对 NOx脱除率有显著影响 ,最佳 p H为 7,最佳反应温度为 70~80℃。 相似文献
36.
Kuniyasu Kawaguchi Kazutada Miyakoshi Kiyoshi Momonoi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):102-110
It is important to investigate the pyrolysis processes of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the same way as for any mixture
comprised of multiple substances. In this article, a two-reaction model for a variety of MSW mixtures is proposed to predict
mass changes due to pyrolysis. In order to formulate the model based on pyrolysis kinetics, we conducted experiments to determine
the kinetic model parameters. By thermal analysis of the typical components of MSW, mass changes attributable to the pyrolysis
reaction were found at about 350°C for paper, 400°–500°C for plastics, and 200°–400°C for garbage (dry condition). Activation
energies were obtained by the Ozawa method based on the mass changes in pyrolysis. Thus, the pyrolysis behavior is formulated
as a function of temperature. Then the pyrolysis mass change of the mixture can be predicted by using a weighted sum of the
individual components. The model proved useful in experiments with real waste (refuse-derived fuels). Furthermore, the weight
yields (pyrolysis gas, tars, solid residues) of the mixture can be calculated by their additive property after measuring the
mass balance of each component.
Received: May 11, 2001 / Accepted: November 16, 2001 相似文献
37.
Dimitris Karlis Vassilis G. S. Vasdekis Maria Banti 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(3):355-367
Heteroscedastic additive and multiplicative models are proposed to disaggregate household data on water consumption from Athens
and provide individual consumption estimates. The models adjust for heteroscedasticity assuming that variances relate to covariates.
Household characteristics that can influence consumption are also included into models in order to allow for a clearer measurement
of individual characteristics effects. Estimation is accomplished through a penalized least squares approach. The method is
applied to a sample of real data related to domestic water consumption in Athens. The results show a greater consumption of
water for males while the single-female households are these that use the lowest quantities of water. The consumption curves
by age and gender are constructed presenting differences between the two sexes.
相似文献
Vassilis G. S. VasdekisEmail: |
38.
39.
Wenyi Deng Yaxin Su 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(7):1523-1529
Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge(DSS) were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal(PC), heavy oil(HO), and dried sludge("DS" through back mixing) on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS.The drying rate at CaO/DSS(mass ratio) = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0.Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found that HO can reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3. 相似文献
40.
《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2014,16(4):503-510
The conventional additives in metalworking fluids (MWFs) have effects in improving the machining conditions. However, many additives can lead to environmental contamination and health problems. In this paper, lignin obtained from wood is considered as a new “green” additive in MWFs. Lignin has been used as additives in other areas like pasted lead electrodes and polypropylene/coir composites but has never been applied in cutting fluids. In this paper, lignin is dissolved in 5% conventional MWF aqueous solutions in 8 different concentrations through injection and atomization methods. Then, experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of lignin containing MWFs in micro-milling operations. The performance is compared with that of 5% conventional cutting fluid in terms of machining forces, tool wears, and burr formations. The results show that the concentration of 0.015% lignin leads to the least cutting forces, tool wear and burrs. The results also show that an appropriate concentration of lignin in MWFs can help to improve the cooling and lubrication performances during machining. The results of this paper thus indicate that lignin has a potential to be used as an additive in metalworking fluids. 相似文献