混凝土单轴动态强度理论的探讨

在分析相关试验结果的基础上,系统地对混凝土在单轴动态加载下的强度特征进行了研究分析。结果表明,不仅加载速率对动态强度有着重要的影响,加载速率对材料弹性参数的影响也很大。结果显示:①混凝土在加载初始阶段,应力—应变表现为线性关系,可认为混凝土处于弹性阶段;随着压力的增加,混凝土产生非线性变形,并出现峰后应力下降;②混凝土的抗压极限强度随着加载速率的增加而增加;③混凝土的弹性模量随着加载速率的增加而提高,而泊松比保持不变。最终提出了一种改进的弹性损伤动态强度的本构理论。     

基于Hashin准则的单层板渐进失效分析

以Hashin准则作为复合材料单层板的失效判据,基于材料的参数退化准则,并考虑单层板的累计损伤,利用渐进失效分析方法对受单向拉伸的[0]16单层板进行损伤数值分析。数值分析结果与实验结果相当吻合,表明该方法预测单层板的损伤失效比较准确。在此基础上,运用该方法对含圆孔单层板的单向拉伸破坏进行了失效扩展仿真分析,计算了不同单层板的初始和最终失效载荷,揭示最终失效载荷与铺层角度的关系,这对进一步认识复合材料的失效机理有着重要的意义。     

产品抗霉能力评价中存在的问题和改进建议

简要概括了霉菌对产品的作用机理与影响,通过对比分析我国常用的霉菌试验标准中长霉等级评定方法,指出了目前产品抗霉能力评价中存在的问题,并从长霉等级评定方法和合格判据两方面就如何改进产品的抗霉能力评价提出建议。     

利用成矿系列对延边金苍地区金矿的成矿预测

建立区域成矿系列的主要作用之一就是利用成矿系列来进行成矿预测。成矿系列具有明确找矿方向的作用 ,在具体找矿靶区预测时 ,结合区域物、化探和矿化、蚀变等找矿标志可以起到更为有效的预测效果。本文利用已经建立的区域成矿系列 ,结合区域地球化学异常和矿化、蚀变分带 ,对延边金苍地区进行了金矿成矿预测 ,提出了新的预测区。通过成矿预测工作 ,认为以成矿系列为理论基础进行成矿预测时 ,有必要建立相应的区域成矿系列预测体系和预测靶区评价体系 ,其中分析多种控矿因素和找矿标志的时空分布是其主要研究内容     

对中国排污收费制度改革的思考

排污收费制度是中国环境政策中一个核心的管理手段。它是我国为强化环境管理，运用经济手段，促进工业企业污染防治的一个独特的制度。在新的市场经济体制下和环境目标下，这项制度已不能适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要，因而在必要进行改革以适应新形势下环境保护工作的需要。在分析现行排污收费制度基础上，对我国现行的收费制度、政策和标准等的改革提出见解。     

Environmental degradation and remediation: is economics part of the problem?

It is argued that standard environmental economic and 'ecological economics', have the same fundamentals of valuation in terms of money, based on a demand curve derived from utilitymaximization. But this approach leads to three different measuresof value. An invariant measure of value exists only if the consumer has 'homothetic preferences'. In order to obtain a numerical estimate of value, specific functional forms are necessary, but typically these estimates do not converge. This is due to the fact that the underlying economic model is not structurally stable.According to neoclassical economics, any environmental remediation can be justified only in terms of increases in consumer satisfaction, balancing marginal gains against marginal costs. It is not surprising that the optimal policy obtained fromthis approach suggests only small reductions in greenhouse gases.We show that a unidimensional metric of consumer's utility measured in dollar terms can only trivialize the problem of global climate change.     

强化管理全面贯彻环保法规

环境保护作为我国的基本国策之，已越来越受到全社会的重视和关注，国家也相继颁布了一系列环保法规。如何学习、领会和宣传环保法规，从而把环保法规落到实处，就显得尤为重要。本文就加强环保法规宣传、强化环保管理、加大环境监测力度、全面贯彻环保法规，从而提高油田环境质量进行了探讨。     

Development of an objective determination of a slip with a portable inclineable articulated strut slip tester (PIAST)

A portable inclineable articulated strut slip tester (PIAST) is a slipmeter that is widely used in the USA to measure coefficient of friction (COF) at the shoe sole and floor interface. A determination of a slip at the measurement interface, which is currently judged subjectively by operators, plays a crucial role in deciding the outcomes of a PIAST measurement. The goal of this study was to develop an objective determination of a slip based on the movement of the weight used by the slipmeter. The displacement of the weight and the time duration of consecutive strikes in a measurement were used to derive the objective slip criterion. Various footwear materials, floor materials and surface conditions were used to cover a wide range of COF values. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the objective COF predicted by the method developed in the current study was significant (R² = 0.997, β = 0.991, p < 0.001) in predicting the subjective COF determined by the operator.