Spatial variability of organochlorine pesticides （DDTs and HCHs） in surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing, China

The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-isomers) and total DDTs (i ncluding p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT) in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13,respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade (50 μg/kg) permitted in "Environment quality standard for soils in China (GB15618-1995)". This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS (513).Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs,DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.     

用特征有限无法预测大运河对某市潜水污染的影响

用特征有限元法预测了在井群开采条件下大运河对某市潜水污染的影响，计算了直到２０２０年的污染物相对浓度的分布。该方法数值弥散和数值振荡较小，有相当的实用价值。     

汉江流域水污染现状及污染源调查

评价了汉江流域水质污染现状：汉江流域干流水质好于支流,从上游至下游污染状况逐渐上升,主要污染物为COD、TP、NH3-N,污染特征为有机污染型。对汉江流域污染源进行了调查：汉江流域面源污染大于点源,排放负荷较大的是农业地表径流、城镇生活污水、畜禽养殖。     

乌海市污染源在线监控系统应用现状及对策研究

本文结合乌海市污染源在线监控系统的日常管理工作实践,分析总结了乌海市污染源在线监控系统的安装、运行管理现状及存在的问题与不足并提出了相应的对策及建议。     

辽河水体有机污染来源判别

为探讨掌握辽河水体中有机物污染及污染水平,并通过典型有机物作为标志,进行污染来源判别。本研究采用气相色谱(GC-FID,GC-ECD)、气相色谱-质谱联机(GC-MS)技术对西辽河到红庙子12个点位的水样进行了四大类有机物分析。结果表明:辽宁省内河水石油烃类污染是非常明显且普遍的。辽河水污染是混合型的,工业含油废水排放,交通运输石油滴漏,城镇市政废水排放,工农业生产和家庭生活用煤作能源,热源等是主要污染来源。     

中国水环境非点源污染负荷的估算研究

中国已占水环境容量中,除了点源污染以外,非点源污染也占有相当比重,非点源污染负荷的定量化研究势在必行.国外对非点源污染的研究开始较早,成果也较成熟.从20世纪80年代以来,中国也逐渐认识到非点源污染的存在及其危害性,开始了非点源污染的控制研究.但是中国对非点源污染问题的研究现在尚处于初级阶段,多为借鉴国外模型.文章分析了国内外对非点源污染的研究方法和研究现状,介绍了适合中国国情的非点源污染负荷估算的方法,包括流域水文估算法、大尺度区域中非点源污染负荷估算的方法.     

最佳管理措施在非点源污染防治中的应用

综述了最佳管理措施（ＢＭＰｓ）在非点源污染控制中的应用现状，工程性措施有人工湿地、植被过滤带与缓冲带、蓄水池与沉淀塘等，非工程性措施有免耕－少耕法、化肥农药合理使用、生物废弃物再利用、地下水位控制、灌溉水生态化等，以及它们所取得的成果，并展望其发展趋势及前景。     

北运河水体中荧光溶解性有机物空间分布特征及来源分析

利用激发发射矩阵荧光光谱(EEMs)并结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC),研究了北运河荧光溶解有机物(fluorescent dissolved organic matter,FDOM)的荧光组分及其空间分布特征,并对各河段FDOM的来源进行了分析.结果表明,北运河水体FDOM的组分中,代表类腐殖物质的组分含量较多,占总荧光强度平均比例的76.18%,而类蛋白质物质占23.82%.各组分荧光强度与氮、磷等污染物呈显著相关关系,说明FDOM与氮、磷等元素的迁移转化有关系;溶解性有机质呈现出明显的空间分布格局,从上游到下游为先降低后升高.上游区域的FDOM含量受工业废水和沿岸农业径流的影响,溶解性有机质含量较高;中游区域主要受少量生活废水排放的影响,溶解性有机质含量较低;下游区域FDOM来源于周边畜禽养殖废水、生活污水、乡镇工业废水和农田退水等,该区域类蛋白物质的相对丰度明显增加,溶解性有机质含量最高.污水处理厂出水中DOM的含量较高,表明污水处理效果有待进一步提高.     

三江平原水田氮的侧渗输出研究

为探讨三江平原水田面源污染物氮的输出机制,通过不同尺度田间原位实验,研究了氮在水田-田埂-渠系系统侧渗输出过程中氮含量、田埂截留率及侧渗速率的变化规律.并对水田氮流失负荷进行了量化.结果表明,近沟渠田埂宽度对侧渗速率和截留氮素的能力影响明显.随田埂宽度的增加,侧渗速率降低,而田埂对氮素的截留能力增强,其中,田埂对氨氮(...     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.