安全填埋场粘土衬层渗透性的试验研究

工业危险废物填埋场为防渗透,要求两层粘土的渗透系数k<1×10-7cm/s。为满足设计要求,沈阳工业危险废物填理场通过实验确定与其相关的施工参数。如铺土厚度,碾压遍数,碾压机具,粘土的最优含水量,干密度。同时按设计要求测试碾压过的场地渗透系数。     

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction due to a pyloric web

Gastrointestinal tract atresia has an incidence of 1 in 10 000 live-births, while gastric outlet obstruction comprises only approximately 1 per cent of these malformations. A prenatally diagnosed case is described, followed by a discussion regarding the diagnosis and possible associated abnormalities.     

城市废物流自然循环消纳及实现途径探讨

通过对城市的人工物流循环过程与环境的自然物流循环过程关系的讨论，提出环境问题是产生于两者之间的矛盾，环境治理应致力于协调两者关系，并体现在自然物流循环过程的恢复，以此思路为基础评述了不同类型城市环境治理措施对城市环境质量改善的可持续化效益，并提出了几种典型的城市废物流的自然循环消纳的实现途径，及其对自然物流循环恢复的意义。     

环形粉末预制坯压制规律研究

研究了环形粉末预制坯压制过程中压力和密度变化规律。通过力学分析建立了环形粉末预制坯压制力学模型,导出了6种压制方式下压制力沿预制坯高度分布规律,建立了统一的压制力分布计算公式,并计算了环形粉末预制坯下端面的最小压制力。基于黄培云粉末压制理论,导出了环形粉末预制坯相对密度沿高度分布计算公式,以及环形粉末预制坯上下端面密度的比值。     

Vertical Buoyant Jets in a Linearly Stratified Ambient Cross-Stream

In this study a numerical simulation is performed to investigate the effect of ambient density stratification on the characteristic of a vertical buoyant jet in a stably linearly stratified ambient cross-stream. Based on the ensemble integral method, the theoretical formulation for such a flow field consists of a set of elliptic Reynolds-averaged equations incorporating with the k– transport equations for the turbulence closure. An oscillating motion can be observed in the computed jet trajectory, and the corresponding alternative variation of dominant quantities for the induced momentum and buoyancy of the jet are examined by direct integration on a cross-section along the jet axis. The influences on the jet development both by the ambient cross-stream and the stratification are investigated. The oscillation characteristic shows that a linear relation holds between the wavenumber of jet trajectory, crossflow velocity and the Brunt–Väisälä frequency of ambient stratification. Computational results indicate that the formation of the secondary and a third pairs of vortices, which are not induced in the unstratified environment, causes the jet flow oscillation from its maximum height-of-rise in the flowing direction. The ambient stratification prohibits the growth of the plume radius and reduces the mixing rate as well as the plume rise. The developed flow indicates the transformation of entrainment mechanism in stratified crossflow.     

Propagation functions for monitoring distributional changes

In environmental assessment and monitoring, a primary objective of the investigator is to describe the changes occurring in the environmentally important variables over time. Propagation functions have been proposed to describe the distributional changes occurring in the variable of interest at two different times. McDonald et al. (1992, 1995) proposed an estimator of propagation function under the assumption of normality. We conduct a detailed sensitivity analysis of inference based on the normal model. It turns out that this model is appropriate only for small departures from normality whereas, for moderate to large departures, both estimation and testing of hypothesis break down. Non-parametric estimation of the propagation function based on kernel density estimation is also considered and the robustness of the choice of bandwidth for kernel density estimation is investigated. Bootstrapping is employed to obtain confidence intervals for the propagation function and also to determine the critical regions for testing the significance of distributional changes between two sampling epochs. Also studied briefly is the mathematical form and graphical shape of the propagation function for some parametric bivariate families of distributions. Finally, the proposed estimation techniques are illustrated on a data set of tree ring widths.     

A combination line transect and capture-recapture sampling model for multiple observers in aerial surveys

We present a robust sampling methodology to estimate population size using line transect and capture-recapture procedures for aerial surveys. Aerial surveys usually underestimate population density due to animals being missed. A combination of capture-recapture and line transect sampling methods with multiple observers allows violation of the assumption that all animals on the centreline are sighted from the air. We illustrate our method with an example of inanimate objects which shows evidence of failure of the assumption that all objects on the centreline have probability 1 of being detected. A simulation study is implemented to evaluate the performance of three variations of the Lincoln-Petersen estimator: the overall estimator, the stratified estimator, and the general stratified estimator based on the combined likelihood proposed in this paper. The stratified Lincoln-Petersen estimator based on the combined likelihood is found to be generally superior to the other estimators.     

填埋垃圾体气体渗透特性的实验研究

通过对模拟填埋垃圾体压实方向和与其垂直方向上气体渗透系数的测定,研究了在不同压实密度、不同含水率条件下垃圾体渗透特性的变化情况．实验表明：(1)在垂直压实的填埋垃圾体中,水平方向渗透系数平均值Ka^-为垂直方向渗透系数Ka^-的7．5-20．0倍,填埋垃圾体各向异性特征明显;(2)垃圾体渗透系数与压实密度、含水率的关系分别满足指数和线性递减规律．表明压实密度对渗透系数的影响较含水率大得多。     

重庆市江北县两路镇环境噪声观测评价及预测

本文对两路镇环境噪声污染现状作了观测、分析和评价,应用重庆市人口密度和环境噪声模式及交通噪声污染模式,对未来10年环境噪声和交通噪声作了科学预测。     

石家庄市颗粒物质量浓度及粒度随高度变化规律

随着经济快速发展,城市高层建筑日益增多,人们活动空间增至到距离地面40m～100m高处,因此大气垂直空间的颗粒物污染状况日益受到人们的关注.就此,进行了可吸入颗粒物质量浓度、粒度的垂直分布研究,得到了可吸入颗粒物在垂直空间中的分布规律,建立了PM10随高度分布的回归方程,并对不同高度的浮尘样品进行粒度分布研究,进一步验证了PM10随高度增加细粒子含量增加的垂直分布规律.