电流密度对电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液效率影响

主要研究了不同电流密度对高氨氮垃圾渗滤液的电化学氧化效率,重点考察了电流密度(10、20、30、40 mA/cm)2对电解过程中的电解速率、电流效率、能耗以及三氯甲烷生成的影响。结果表明:在电流密度为30 mA/cm2时,电解6 h氨氮降解速率为7 mg/(L·min),COD降解速率为4.4 mg/(L·min),氨氮的氧化去除要先于COD的氧化去除;随着电流密度增加,电流效率逐渐增加,在电流密度为30 mA/cm2时达到45.23%,之后电流效率开始下降,电流密度为40 mA/cm2时电流效率为34%;能耗分析表明:随着电流密度增加,电解单位氨氮所需能耗先降低后升高,在电流密度为30 mA/cm2时达到最低0.09 kWh/g NH4+-N。在电流密度为40 mA/cm2时,电解6 h后三氯甲烷浓度从低于检测值升高至0.684 mg/L,产生速率为1.8μg/(L·min),三氯甲烷生成速率随着电流密度的增加而增加。     

采用功率谱方法提取地球自由振荡信息

利用中国数字地震台网的三个台站所记录到的2011年日本里氏9.0级地震的地震数据,在没有进行去固体潮的前提下进行功率谱分析,获得了地球球型自由振荡振型,通过与PREM模型相对比,发现所提取的94个振型,包括76个基频振型（0S0,2S0～0S76）和18个谐频振型,与理论值的误差很小,所有数据的平均偏差为0.14%。文中发现该地震激发的0S2,0S3,0S4和1S2自由振荡振型有明显的频谱分裂现象。     

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.     

中国工业污染物排放密度的影响因素分析——基于污染供需分析框架的实证研究

本文在污染供需分析框架下,选取中国2001-2006年34个工业产业的面板数据,分析影响工业废水、工业二氧化硫和工业烟尘等三种污染物排放密度的主要因素。实证研究结果显示：污染密度均与能源消耗密度、相对工资水平和国有资本比重正相关,与企业规模、环境管制指标和外资比重负相关。要解决环境污染的问题,建立政府引导、企业为主和社会参与的节能减排机制才是根本出路。为此需要做到：（1）鼓励节能型技术的研发和应用;（2）强化对地方政府的环境管制政策执行力度的监督;（3）加强对中小企业的监管力度;（4）理顺政府对环保信息的披露机制;（5）充分发挥社会公众和非政府组织的监督作用;（6）提高外资进入的环境标准。     

微生物燃料电池中底物的研究进展

微生物燃料电池是一种利用可溶性有机废物和可再生生物质等原料萃取电能的装置,而底物作为能量转化的能源物质,是影响 微生物燃料电池产电能力的重要因素之一.能够充当底物的有机质种类十分丰富,如多种低浓度有机废水和纤维素等,底物的种类不同,电池的产电能力也会存在差异.因此,有必要对这一系统中底物对电池产电性能及其他方面的影响进...     

SCR脱硝系统中液氨环境风险性评价

从危害度和危险度两个方面对脱硝系统中的液氨环境风险事故进行分析,并提出风险防范措施和应急预案,为同类项目的液氨环境风险评价提供参考。     

嘉兴市石臼漾水源生态湿地运行过程中植物多样性研究

浙江省嘉兴市石臼漾水源生态湿地是目前全国最大的水源保护湿地之一.为了解已实际运行2.5 a的石臼漾水源生态湿地植被现状,于2010年10～11月,采用样地法和样方法对湿地植被进行了系统调查,以期为水源生态湿地植被管理提供理论支持.对群落的物种组成、多样性变化以及生物质生产量进行了分析.共采集到湿地植物70种,隶属于28...     

Estimating animal densities and home range in regions with irregular boundaries and holes: A lattice-based alternative to the kernel density estimator

Density estimates based on point processes are often restrained to regions with irregular boundaries or holes. We propose a density estimator, the lattice-based density estimator, which produces reasonable density estimates under these circumstances. The estimation process starts with overlaying the region with nodes, linking these together in a lattice and then computing the density of random walks of length k on the lattice. We use an approximation to the unbiased crossvalidation criterion to find the optimal walk length k. The technique is illustrated using walleye (Sander vitreus) radiotelemetry relocations in Lake Monroe, Indiana. We also use simulation to compare the technique to the traditional kernel density estimate in the situation where there are no significant boundary effects.     

Survival risk factors for fatal injured car and motorcycle drivers in single alcohol-related and alcohol-unrelated vehicle crashes

Introduction

A high percentage of drivers who die as a result of a single vehicle crash are under the influence of alcohol. We aimed to better understand the prevalence of these fatalities and the ratio of death to injuries based on various risk factors. We focused on alcohol-related and -unrelated single-vehicle crashes to investigate the influence of such risk factors on the time until death for car and motorcycle drivers.

Methods

We combined data from national police reports and a vital registration database in Taiwan. Survival analysis using Cox regression models was used to identify the risk factors of time until death.

Results

Overall, nearly 60% of car driver fatalities and 40% of motorcycle driver fatalities involved the consumption of alcohol. Survival analysis of single-vehicle crashes suggested that the traffic island separation between a car moving at a higher speed and motorcycle traffic resulted in a higher risk of death over time for motorcycle drivers who consumed alcohol. The factors attributed to a higher risk of death over time for motorcycle drivers were older age, crashing into trees, night-time driving, driving on curved roads, and driving on local roads. Driving without restraints and driving on roads with higher speed limits attributed to a higher risk of death over time for car drivers.

Conclusions

The factors that influence the risk of death over time in a motor-vehicle accident involving alcohol depended on different elements, which should each be considered when attempting to reduce this risk.

Impact on Industry

More efforts should be made to investigate the various risk factors in areas with large motorcycle populations.     

The unrecognized danger of a new transportation mechanism of injury--pedicabs

Objective

Pedicabs are a new and controversial transportation innovation for tourists in congested areas in several U.S. cities. Scant literature on this trauma mechanism exists. The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence, demographics, morbidity, mortality, and potential for injury prevention of pedicab incidents amongst major trauma admissions at an urban, academic Level I Trauma Center.

Patients & Methods

Researchers conducted a retrospective review of the Trauma Registry from 2000 to 2009. All patients identified as being injured in a pedicab incident were reviewed. Demographics, diagnoses, toxicology, treatments, and injury severity scale (ISS) were collected. Outcomes included mortality, ICU, and hospital length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and hospital charges. A photographic survey of 50 local pedicabs was examined for the presence and use of safety equipment.

Results

During the period of January 2000 to July 2009 there were 15 major trauma victims from identified pedicab incidents. Falling from the pedicab was the mechanism of injury in 14 of 15 cases. There were two fatalities in victims following severe traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury, skull fracture, or loss of consciousness was seen in 11/15 victims. Ethanol ingestion was detected in blood tests of 10 of the 14 adult victims. Median charges of hospitalization due to a pedicab related injury was US$29,956 ± 77,482. A photographic survey of 50 local pedicabs reveals very limited use of safety belts by passengers despite existing city ordinances.

Conclusions

Major trauma victims of pedicab incidents in the United States suffer significant injuries and death. Most cases occurred in passengers falling from the pedicab at night after alcohol ingestion. There is an opportunity for implementation of strategies toward improved injury prevention with this new form of transport.