加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的Al2O3和Fe2O3

采用加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的A12O3和Fe2O3.实验研究了粉煤灰粒径、硫酸质量分数、反应时间、反应温度对粉煤灰中Al2O3和Fe2O3浸取率的影响,并通过SEM对粉煤灰酸浸前后的形貌进行了分析.实验结果表明,当粉煤灰粒径为75μm、硫酸质量分数为50％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4h时,粉煤灰中的Al2O3浸取率可达82.4％,Fe2O3浸取率为76.1％,经酸浸后粉煤灰的剩余率为72.4％.     

变压吸附技术在沼气提纯中的应用

比较各种沼气利用方式,其中沼气提纯净化能量损失最小,能量输出率超过79.6%,是最有前景的一种利用方式。另外,在多种沼气提纯方法中,变压吸附沼气提纯方法具有成本低、能耗低、效率高以及装置自动化程度高等特点,在国外得到广泛的应用,国内亦有工程实例。我国变压吸附沼气提纯技术还不成熟,有待进一步改进。针对我国沼气工程特点,适宜开发高效的小型化、移动式的成套变压吸附装置。     

湿法脱硫用大流量低背压喷嘴开发

在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔中,喷嘴性能直接影响到脱硫效率和运行成本。针对目前国产脱硫喷嘴能耗高的问题,基于质量及能量守恒方程,推导了螺旋喷嘴计算公式,并结合螺旋面设计方法开发出大流量低背压喷嘴。开发出的喷嘴运行压力小,可降低运行电耗;同时,可减少塔内布置的喷嘴数量,减少投资成本。     

区域生态环境演变与经济增长的耦合效应分析——以宁夏回族自治区为例

以宁夏回族自治区为研究案例,基于1985年以来的相关历史统计数据,以能值分析计算结果为基本依据,采用广义脉冲响应函数、结构分解分析等方法,定量研究经济发展对环境压力的影响,以及生态环境对经济增长的反馈影响。研究结果表明：1985—2005年间,经济发展对区域不可更新资源的依赖度越来越高,对环境产生的压力也不断加大;废弃物排放量随着经济增长在不断加大,而且还未出现废弃物排放量有所降低的趋势。无论是以物质投入为表征的环境压力,还是以废弃物排放为表征的环境压力,都呈上升趋势,导致其上升的主要因素都是经济规模效应,经济结构效应在初期表现出对环境压力的抑制作用,但影响程度不大,随着产业结构的进一步演化,经济结构开始表现出增量效应。技术效应对环境压力的增加总体表现出抑制作用,但不足以抵消经济规模的增量效应。因此,转变经济发展方式,完善和重组区域社会经济活动过程显得非常迫切,这种迫切性将是进一步推动区域循环经济发展的重要驱动力来源。     

高压注入和等压扩散条件下N2置换煤中CH4的研究

为探究注气置换抽采煤层瓦斯的效果,揭示注弱吸附性气体N2在等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下置换煤中CH4的机理,采用自行搭建的含瓦斯煤多元气体置换试验装置,开展等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下注N2置换煤中CH4的试验研究.研究结果表明:在注N2量相同的条件下,等压扩散置换量始终高于高压注气置换量,在等压扩散下N2置换CH4效...     

罐采样-正压进样-气相色谱法测定环境空气中温室气体

建立了罐采样-正压进样-气相色谱法测定环境空气中温室气体的分析方法。用正压采样器采集环境空气样品至罐中呈正压状态,用气相色谱仪进行分析,并对氮气空白、除烃空气、不同湿度、不同环境温度、不同罐压及精确控制进样压力等因素进行研究。在最佳实验条件下,N₂O、CO₂、CH₄、SF₆和CO的方法检出限分别为7 nmol/mol、1.5μmol/mol、0.1μmol/mol、9 pmol/mol、0.2μmol/mol,标准曲线相关系数均大于0.995,低、中、高浓度水平测定结果相对标准偏差均小于2.0%。利用该法对环境空气样品进行了检测分析,与该站点现有的高精度在线监测仪器同时测定结果进行比对,比对结果较好,该方法适用于城市环境空气和无组织废气中温室气体的准确测定。     

压力溶气气浮工艺中溶气效率测定方法述评

气浮工艺中溶气效率高低直接影响到回流水量的大小 ,即决定着运行费用的高低。对气浮工艺设计者和运营者来讲 ,达到并维持较高溶气效率是优先考虑的问题 ,而对新型气浮设备研发者而言 ,了解并确定其在不同工况下的溶气效率也是至关重要的。就已有溶气效率的测定方法进行了分类介绍与评价。     

柴油车排气微粒捕集用复合金属丝网的制备与性能研究

论述了用于柴油车排气微粒捕集器的复合金属丝网的制备和测试过程 ,讨论了丝网层数和涂层负载对复合金属丝网过滤性能的影响 ,并分析了其捕集机理     

Artificially roughened solar air heater: A comparative study

Artificially roughened solar air heater has been topic in research for the last 30 years. Prediction of heat transfer and fluid flow processes of an artificially roughened solar air heater can be obtained by three approaches: theoretical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature on the investigations of artificially roughened solar air heater. In the present article, an attempt has been made to present holistic view of various roughness geometries used for creating artificial roughness in solar air heater for heat transfer enhancement. This extensive review reveals that quite a lot of work has been reported on design of artificially roughened solar air heater by experimental approach but only a few studies have been done by theoretical and CFD approaches. Finally this article presents a comparative study of thermo-hydraulic performance of 21 different types of artificial roughness geometries attached on the absorber plate of solar air heater in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance parameter. Heat transfer and friction factor correlations developed by various investigators for different types of artificially roughened solar air heaters have also been reported in this article.     

Optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with an expander

Heat rejection pressure plays an important role in designing a transcritical CO₂ refrigeration system, and it has an optimal value to maximize the system’s coefficient of performance (COP). With a thermodynamic simulation model, the optimal heat rejection pressure is studied in the paper for an expander cycle, as well as conventional throttle valve cycle. The effects of compressor efficiency, expander efficiency, gas cooler outlet temperature, and evaporation temperature on the optimal heat rejection pressure are analyzed. It is the first time for a transcritical CO₂ expander cycle that the optimal heat rejection pressure is correlated with the gas cooler outlet temperature and the evaporation temperature at given compressor efficiency and expander efficiency. The average deviation from the correlation to simulation results is less than 1.0%. The correlation provides a guideline to system development and performance optimization of a transcritical CO₂ expander cycle.