新型双循环厌氧反应器的设计与水力特性研究

结合IC与EGSB的特点,同时根据厌氧处理理论,设计了新型双循环厌氧反应器,用于处理高浓度含有毒物质工业废水,并以Li Cl作为示踪剂,对该反应器不同水力停留时间(HRT)下的水力特性进行了研究。结果表明,在无循环时,各HRT下双循环厌氧反应器的C-θ曲线为不对称的单峰曲线。HRT为6,9,12 h时,反应器的死区比例分别为0.165,0.155,0.146。反应器呈推流流态,且随着HRT的增加,推流作用逐渐加强而完全混合作用逐渐减弱。当存在双循环时,在HRT为6,9,12 h的条件下,反应器第一反应区的σ2分别为0.249,0.179,0.113,第二反应区的σ2分别为0.135,0.112,0.106。双循环增大了反应器的返混程度,且与第一反应区相比,第二反应区更趋于推流式。     

An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC) for wastewater treatment

The oxidation ditch process is economic and efficient for wastewater treatment, but its application is limited in case where land is costly due to its large land area required. An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle(IODVC) system was developed to treat domestic and industrial wastewater aiming to save land area. The new system consists of a single-channel divided into two ditches(the top one and the bottom one by a plate), a brush,and an innovative integral clarifier. Different from the horizontal circle of the conventional oxidation ditch, the flow of IODVC system recycles from the top zone to the bottom zone in the vertical circle as the brush is running, and then the IODVC saved land area required by about 50% compared with a conventional oxidation ditch with an intrachannel clarifier. The innovative integral clarifier is effective for separation of liquid and solids, and is preferably positioned at the opposite end of the brush in the ditch. It does not affect the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixed liquor in the ditch, and the sludge can automatically return to the down ditch without any pump. In this study, experiments of domestic and dye wastewater treatment were carried out in bench scale and in full scale, respectively. Results clearly showed that the IODVC efficiently removed pollutants in the wastewaters, i.e., the average of COD removals for domestic and dye wastewater treatment were 95 % and 90%, respectively, and that the IODVC process may provide a cost effective way for full scale dye wastewater treatment.     

钢铁工业发展循环经济的基本途径探讨

分析了钢铁工业循环经济的基本特征,着重探讨了钢铁工业发展循环经济的基本途径,其中包括：最大限度地降低自然资源消耗,采用成熟技术提高二次能源利用效率,降低能耗,节约水资源,把固体废物资源化利用,尽可能减少污染物的发生量,努力发展工程科技,开发钢铁工业和其它行业的绿色新流程。     

Effects of multiple annular obstacles on flame propagation of local corn starch dust in a vertical pipe

With high-speed camera technology, the propagation behavior of explosion flame for the local dust cloud of corn starch in a semi-open vertical pipe under the action of the annular obstacle was studied experimentally, and the blockage rate and the annular obstacle numbers as well as impact of dust cloud concentration on the flame propagation were investigated. The researches showed that both the blockage rate and the annular obstacle numbers have significant effects on the flame speed and propagation process for the dust cloud explosion of corn starch. The increase of the blockage rate of such annular obstacles will cause that the combustion of dust cloud with high concentration is mainly concentrated in the lower part of the pipe. The increase of the annular obstacle numbers will lead to the acceleration of combustion of the dust cloud. With the increase of the blockage rate and the annular obstacle numbers, the maximum flame speed shows a trend of the first increasing and then decreasing, and the phenomenon of accelerated propagation of the flame becomes more and more obvious, however, the distance of continuous acceleration for the flame is gradually decreased and the maximum flame speed is farther from the outlet of the pipe. Under the action of such annular obstacles, the concentration of dust cloud has a significant effect on the flame speed and shape of the dust cloud of the corn starch. The increase of the concentration of the dust cloud will decrease the acceleration effect of such annular obstacles to result in maximum flame speed showing a trend of the first increasing and then decreasing. However, the acceleration distance of the flame is longer, and the maximum flame speed is closer to the outlet of the pipe. The increasing concentration will make the flame speed develop more slowly, the flame color will be darker, and the flame segmentation phenomenon will be more obvious.     

低温作用下煤体细观结构变化及相变致裂实验研究

为了研究低温作用下煤体细观结构演化规律,采用CT扫描不同冻结温度下干燥和饱水煤样细观结构图像,构建三维可视化裂隙模型,探究冻结煤体裂隙演化机理。研究结果表明:随着温度的降低,煤样内部产生的拉应力逐渐增大,加之,冰水相变产生冻胀力,导致煤样内部裂隙网格不断扩展演化;冰水相变产生的冻胀力是饱水煤样和干燥煤样裂隙演化具有差异性的原因,孔隙、裂隙水冰点随着孔隙、裂隙的半径减小而逐渐下降,从而导致壁厚较大的裂隙中水分先行冻结,随着温度的继续降低,壁厚较小的裂隙中水分才发生冻结。     

防灭火泡沫流体在采空区高位倾斜裂隙通道中的扩散研究

防灭火泡沫材料是1种新型的防灭火材料,对高位倾斜裂隙火灾的降温隔热、充填加固具有很好的应用性能。为了了解高位倾斜裂隙通道中泡沫流体的扩散规律,通过理论推导得出不同裂隙倾角和方位角下浆体2端面压力差随时间的变化方程式,以理论公式为基础进行修正,提出了泡沫流体的扩散规律函数式,并通过用其他实验测点进行误差对比分析。研究结果表明:误差均在允许的范围之内,证明拟合出的函数式具有普遍适用性,可以为大采空区隐蔽高温火源点的防治提供理论支持。     

Analysis of acidic components, heavy metals and PAHS of particulate in the Changwon–Masan area of Korea

This study is an analysis of the concentrations and components of heavy metals in PM_2.5 and the total suspended particulate (TSP) collected at a mechanical industrial complex (IC) site in Changwon and at a residential site in Masan, Korea. Particulate was collected during two sampling periods, from the late summer to the early fall and from the middle to late fall, at the IC site and one sampling period, from the middle fall to the early winter, at the residential site. PM_2.5 and TSP samples were taken by an annular denuder system and a hi-volume air sampler, respectively. The authors also identified the concentrations and components of heavy metals extracted from the PM_2.5 and TSP filters, the acidic components extracted from the PM_2.5 filters, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extracted from polyurethane foam (PUF) plug. The average concentrations of the PM_2.5 collected at the IC and residential sites were very similar. Major sources of PM_2.5 at the study sites, however, were air emissions from vehicles and industry as well as emissions from residential heating and soil origins, respectively. The higher concentrations of the TSP at the IC site, as compared to those at the residential site, were due to either increased suspended dust from vehicle emissions or re-suspended road dust because of increased vehicle speeds near the IC site. Heavy metal concentrations in the TSPs were higher than those in the PM_2.5. The heavy metal concentrations in the PM_2.5 and TSP at the IC site with heavy traffic were substantially greater than those at the residential site. The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals and PAHs in PM during the period of the middle to late fall was much higher than those during the period of the late summer to early fall at the IC site. This is because of the difference in meteorological characteristics and energy uses between two periods. The residential site also showed higher concentrations of acidic anions while the IC site showed higher concentrations of acidic cation. Secondary aerosols or particulates, such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrite, might have been important constituents of the PM_2.5 at the residential site. The PAHs in the TSP collected at the IC site was greatly affected by traffic and industry emissions consisting mostly of high molecular weight PAHs with two to four rings. PAHs in the TSP at the site, however, were affected by residential heating and air emissions from small chemical plants having higher concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs with five to six rings.     

攀钢选钛厂主流程工艺流程优化研究

分析了选钛厂主流程生产现状,针对工艺中存在的问题,根据新设备、新技术在选钛厂的成功实践,提出了优化工艺流程思路,减少了不安全因素和产尘点,以提高主流程重选作业收率,增加选钛厂钛精矿产量.     

基于LCA的POPs控制技术系统评估方法研究

POPs控制的技术举措是各行业削减POPs排放的重要手段。为了在众多POPs控制技术中筛选出更可靠、更经济可行的技术,将POPs控制技术分为替代技术、入料控制技术、过程控制技术及末端处置技术四个大类,并结合综合指标法和生命周期法建立了POPs控制技术系统评估框架。同时,以山西某焦化厂出焦除尘布袋技术作为案例进行定量评估,系统地给出了布袋除尘器在经济运行、环境保护以及技术效果三方面的指标值。评价结果显示布袋除尘技术在技术稳定性、去除POPs污染物效果等技术指标上有较好的表现,并且不会产生额外的环境影响负荷。     

全球价值链视角的武汉城市圈产业体系构建——推动武汉城市圈低碳经济发展

从全球价值链的视角分析武汉城市圈产业体系构建,提出发展低碳经济是城市圈融入更大区域乃至全球价值链,不断朝着全球价值链的高附加值环节攀升,具有持久的生命力和强大的竞争力的途径。在文中,通过湖北近20年来的能源消耗情况计算出碳排放量,据此发现城市圈碳轨迹,并提出构建产业体系的策略。武汉城市圈近中期应该把提高能效和碳生产率作为核心,不断降低能源消费强度和碳排放强度,努力减少CO2的排放的增长率,实现碳排放与经济增长的逐步脱钩。产业结构的调整是发展低碳经济的重要途径。因此,城市圈要走新型工业化道路,建设低碳经济,工业结构升级调整任务迫切。同时,进行有利于碳减排交易的机制体制创新;进行有利于EET(能源环保)产业发展的机制创新;进行有利于推动EMC(能源合同管理)模式的机制体制创新;进行有利于科技创新的机制体制创新。