新时期环境执法和环境监测联动机制构建探索

如何使环境执法与环境监测有机融合、协同联动,促进环境管理工作高效开展,是现阶段生态环境部门急需解决的问题。通过分析环境执法与环境监测在实际工作中存在的问题及新时期环境执法和环境监测融合发展的意义,提出应积极构建二者协同联动机制,以解决新型生态环境问题。     

中美环境执法与经济处罚的比较分析

对中美环境执法的制度背景、实施以及经济处罚三方面进行了对比,结果发现,中国的环境执法尚有诸多需要进一步改进和改善的地方.通过比较,为中国的环境执法提供了一些参考建议,包括加强环境法制建设、增强环境法律的可执行性,加强国家环境保护总局的监督、协调与执法能力,加强环境执法机构建设和提高违法经济处罚额度等.      

Traffic rules and traffic safety

In the present paper the effects of traffic rules on driver behaviour and on traffic safety are discussed. The discussion is mainly based on research conerning driver’s use of safety equipment, their speed adjustment and drunken driving with respect to safety potential, effects of the rules, and effects of enforcement on driver behaviour. Factors influencing drivers’ decisions to comply with rules are also considered. It is concluded that only rules that are possible to enforce should be implemented and that police surveillance should be visible to the drivers. Also, the traffic system should be seen as a social system where drivers are interacting with other drivers and road users. Rules and regulations are important to help the actors of the system to function in a safe and effective way.     

三峡库区环境安全保护法律实施机制探讨

继长江截流之后，三峡库区首期蓄水，举世瞩目的三峡工程正在兴建。结合充分的社会调查和区域经济、环境管理等相关理论，详细论述了三峡库区环境安全保护现行法律及其实施机制，深入剖析了现行实施机制包括法的遵守、法的执行、法的适用和法律监督等方面的弊端，提出了完善库区环境安全法律实施机制的建议：给守法主体提供环保教育和技术援助，完善公众参与机制，积极获取公众支持，以完善库区法的遵守；建立科学、高效、统一的库区环境安全管理体制，明确三峡库区各行政执法机关的职责，建立行政执法公示制，健全执法主体的服务机制，建立绿色信息网等以完善库区法的执行；推广环境群体诉讼，扩大环境诉讼被诉对象，改革环境诉讼费用预付方式等以完善库区法的适用。     

加强环境保护依法行政工作的探讨

本文根据当前环境法制建设的形势和呼和浩特市环保执法工作现状及存在的主要问题，分析了产生问题的原因，提出了加强环保依法行政的相应对策。     

论环境行政命令

环境行政命令是环境行政机关极为重要的环境行政行为。从法的角度考察，环境行政命令是环境行政机关依法所作的具有强制拘求力的单方意思表示，体现环境管理中的国家权力作用。环境行政命令以环境法律为依据，不得与环境法律相抵触，适用环境法律的原理和原则而与环境法律密切联系，在制订机关、程序和名称、效力、地位上与环境法律又明显有别。环境行政命令可因命令的废止、撤销、期间届满及目的完成而消灭，施行期间须接受国家权力     

Left to interest groups? On the prospects for enforcing environmental law in the European Union

ABSTRACT

There have been important changes in the enforcement of European Union environmental law over the last 25 years. Environmental law has traditionally been reliant on the European Commission, but the Commission has started to withdraw from enforcement. Instead, it is undertaking efforts to ‘outsource’ enforcement to environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs) by systematically promoting access for such groups to national courts. While the Commission has indicated that it sees centralised and private enforcement as substitutes, the advantages and drawbacks of each mechanism are evaluated and it is concluded that both mechanisms have an important role to play. In particular, the private enforcement of EU environmental law is dependent on national opportunity structures that are unlikely to ever be fully liberalised and harmonised by EU procedural law. Private enforcement is therefore not a panacea for compliance problems, and the growing absence of a central enforcing authority is a cause for concern.     

当前环境行政执法中的难点及其对策

通过在环境行政执法实际上作中遇到的难点问题的分析，提出了解决这些难点的对策和措施。     

“首次不罚制”在环境执法推行中的问题与建议

根据“首次不罚制”在环境执法中推行的初步实践，指出了该制度自身存在的问题和制度外的制约因素，并提出了克服这些瓶颈因素的建议。     

环境执法工作面临的问题与改善途径

阐述环境执法存在的问题,对其现状、原因及进一步完善环境执法、提高依法行政水平提出了设想和建议。