电驱动道路车辆 动力锂离子电池的试验和要求

本文介绍了电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求.是环境试验、电性能试验、安全性试验等专题介绍的第一篇.供实验室和相关产品的供需方参考.     

Investigation on the role of traffic volume in accidents on urban highways

Introduction

Roadway safety is a major concern for the general public and public agencies, as roadway crashes claim many lives and cause substantial economic loss each year. In Iran, a large number of vehicles are involved in road accidents each year, which cause many deaths and extensive property damage; such accidents are among the major causes of death and disability in the country. Method: To reduce roadway accidents, the factors that affect the occurrence and severity of accidents should be scrutinized to prevent or reduce their effect. The method that many researchers have adopted to determine the effective parameters surrounding road accidents in recent years is through statistical modeling of accidents. In this article, the role of different kinds of vehicles in traffic flow are investigated separately in terms of the likelihood of crashes on urban highways, and the vehicles are divided into three groups: passenger cars, heavy vehicles, and light non-passenger car vehicles. Poisson and negative binomial (NB) regression models were applied to model the accidents in this research, which were categorized into two groups: no injury (property damage only) accidents and more severe (injury and fatal) accidents. Results: Ultimately, we conclude that light non-passenger car vehicles (i.e., taxis and motorcycles) play the largest role in the occurrence of crashes on urban highways for both types of accidents.     

面向小型无人艇健康监测系统方案设计与实施

详细阐述了小型无人艇健康监测系统的设计与实施过程。首先,分析了小型无人艇健康管理的特性及所面临的挑战,确定了以动力电力系统为重点的监测对象。随后,准确设定了测点位置以及传感器的选择,并在实艇上部署安装。数据处理方面,采用了数据预处理和分析的方法。通过采集传感器的数据,并使用时域分析、时频谱分析、基于自编码器的异常检测方法对柴油机上的振动数据进行预处理和分析,证明健康监测系统的有效性。最后,对未来的研究展望进行探讨,提出了进一步优化监测系统的多元发展路径,为小型无人艇健康管理提供了宝贵的启示和参考。     

基于随机森林的开封市重型柴油车NOx排放总量估算模型

近年来,在相关法律文件的推动下,监控平台技术得到发展与应用,有助于准确、实时获取海量实车行驶和排放数据,为建立机动车排放清单提供了重要数据基础.基于此背景,本文依托河南开封重型柴油车远程监控平台排放大数据,考虑了中观尺度上的活动因子分布特征及活动因子的影响权重,利用随机森林回归模型对重型柴油车污染物排放量预测方法进行研究.结果表明：①开封市重型柴油车行驶工况呈Ω型分布,而且随着发动机排量的增大,工况范围有逐渐缩小的趋势,且重型柴油车有20%的时间行驶在怠速区域和至少40%的时间行驶在中低转速区域.②在样本车中,在活动因子影响程度占比排序方面,有超过80%的柴油车将车速排在首位,其次分别是SCR床温、废气流量、发动机转速、燃料流量.③NO_x排放总量估算模型计算的6种典型排量下的重型柴油车NO_x排放总量与实际排放总量相比,误差不超过25%,能够满足实际需求.     

轮式车辆高原环境适应性评价研究

目的研究轮式车辆的高原环境适应性及其评价方法。方法通过分析轮式车辆环境适应性的基本内涵,结合车辆高原使用情况调研、高原实地试验以及理论分析,构建轮式车辆高原环境适应性评价指标体系,应用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊数学理论建立轮式车辆多性能指标的综合评价模型。结果轮式车辆的动力性、可靠性、起动性和热平衡等性能受高原环境影响最大,大部分轮式车辆的高原环境适应性等级为"一般"或"较差"。结论轮式车辆的高原环境适应性定量综合评价结果可以作为高原地区车辆论证、设计、选型或改进的参考依据。     

Outlining policy responses to stimulate automotive car demand by environmental impact reduction

The aim of this paper is to propose an alternative approach for outlining policy responses to stimulate the automotive industry. The scientific community has developed and employed the Delphi method to collect and convey perspectives and impressions, and also define a number of financially viable proposals. The panel of experts takes the view that traditional industrial policy measures denote limited effects to stimulate car demand, in a context of a macro-economic downturn. By contrast, the panel also believe incentives for car demand are important for environmental purposes, for safety and for the diversification of energy sources. The policy measures proposed are fundamental from the viewpoint of overturning path dependencies in the automotive industry which impede the diffusion of alternative vehicles, with respect to business models and consumer attitudes.     

我国报废汽车回收拆解企业发展的关键问题研究

报废汽车回收拆解具有巨大的经济、环境和社会效益。我国报废汽车回收拆解企业正面临极佳的发展环境,但目前存在着诸多问题,需要进行转型升级。提出报废汽车回收拆解企业转型升级过程中存在的若干关键问题,即回收阶段中的报废汽车量预测、回收模式选择、报废汽车回收网络构建;拆解阶段中的拆解工艺选择、拆解设备选择;产品销售阶段中的产品分类及市场分析、销售模式确定及销售网络构建、产品定价等问题,并对这些问题进行分析,提供解决方法和措施。     

车用CNG气瓶安装和使用安全问题分析及对策

近年来,CNG汽车发展很快,根据国家有关法规和标准的要求,结合CNG气瓶工作实际需要,对车用CNG气瓶的安装许可、安装监督检验、定期检验周期、使用管理中存在的问题,进行分析研究。本文认为应加强气瓶安装资质管理,监督检验应包括气瓶和燃气系统。现行国家标准对钢质内胆纤维缠绕气瓶和全钢瓶的要求不一致,应及时完善,出租车用气瓶检验周期应与其他车辆不同。提出气瓶安装中要注意的几个技术问题,包括气瓶数量和布置、气瓶固定方式、非燃气系统检查等。为保证CNG汽车安全使用,指出气瓶安装行政许可、车辆检验和气瓶检验、车辆保险和气瓶保险等需要解决的问题。     

电驱动道路车辆 动力锂离子电池系统试验中的实验室安全和防护

由于电池组/系统的体积和质量远大于电池芯,试验的侧重和方法有所不同。实验室安全和防护方面也就显得复杂和厚重。基于实践和探索,本文介绍了关于电池组/系统试验的安全和防护。     

Plant Community Structure in Relation to Long-Term Disturbance by Mechanized Military Maneuvers in a Semiarid Region

/ Mechanized military maneuvers are an intensive form of disturbance to plant communities in large areas throughout the world. Tracking by heavy vehicles can cause direct mortality and indirectly affect plant communities through soil compaction and by altering competitive relationships. We assessed the long-term condition of structural attributes of open woodland, grassland, and shrubland communities at Fort Carson, Colorado, in relation to levels of disturbance and soil texture. Covariate analyses were used to help separate the directional forcings by the chronic disturbance from the regenerative capacities in order to assess the relative resistance and resilience of the communities and to determine whether the continual disturbance-recovery processes balanced under current levels of utilization. All three communities responded differently to disturbance. In open woodlands, altered understory/overstory relationships were suggested by increased grass, forb, shrub, and total vegetation cover and smaller decreases in shorter than taller woody species with increasing levels of disturbance. Grassland communities generally displayed greater responses to disturbance than other communities, but temporal dynamics were often similar, indicating relatively less resistance but greater resilience of this community. Weed and exotic species increased both temporally and in relation to levels of disturbance in all three community types. Temporal trends in community-level indices of dissimilarity and diversity also indicate that rates of disturbance were greater than rates of recovery. Few variables were related to within-community differences in soil texture. While total aerial cover was temporally stable, changes in species composition and in basal cover in grasslands and shrublands suggest increasing erosion potential.