基于虚拟技术的环境监测仪器设备管理方法

利用虚拟现实、虚拟环境技术,通过人机交互方式,在现实空间之外创造另一个尽可能真实的、互动的模拟世界,使应用者可以直观、随意地观察和管理仪器设备,实现检测仪器全生命周期的运行轨迹记录和过程跟踪,凭其强大的可视性、溯源性和易操作性,较明显地提高仪器设备的利用率与管理水平。     

排除地电观测供电对地磁干扰装置在ZD8B地电仪中的应用

随着地震监测前兆手段仪器数字化、智能化的深入发展 ,在全国许多台站配备了数字地电仪和地磁数字智能仪 ,对观测数据的采集更科学更迅捷。但由于地电观测供电产生地下电流会带来磁干扰 ,对地磁观测带来了很大影响。笔者提出将排除地电观测供电对地磁干扰装置应用在ZD8B地电仪仪器中 ,从而避免了地电供电对地磁测量的影响     

新疆城市环境空气PM_(10)自动监测仪器质控巡检工作探析

随着城市环境空气质量自动监测业务现代化的飞速发展,新疆城市共安装38套PM10环境空气自动监测系统。本文通过对新疆19个城市空气自动监测系统PM10的巡检和质控考核,发现近几年来该系统运行维护中的诸多问题,从而提出仪器维护注意事项,以期提高新疆城市PM10监测数据质量,准确反映环境空气质量状况,为环境管理和政府决策提供更加科学、准确、可靠的基础监测数据。     

我国环境监测仪器行业2011年发展综述

概述了2011年我国环境监测仪器行业的发展环境及经营状况;分析了行业总体技术的发展、新技术的应用以及骨干企业的发展现状;提出了行业发展中存在的主要问题及解决建议;并对行业的发展趋势进行了展望。     

安全仪表系统的应用及发展

探讨安全仪表系统在过程工业中的必要性与重要性,以ISA/S84.01安全仪表系统生命周期为基本框架,介绍安全仪表系统的基本组成和生命周期各阶段的主要工作,阐述安全仪表系统与过程控制系统的异同。研究安全仪表系统设计过程中风险分析与安全完整性水平等的关键技术;总结了目前安全仪表系统所呈现出的新特点、新趋势;指出安全仪表系统未来发展的方向;同时认为安全仪表系统作为一种有效的安全保障措施,应当以风险与危害分析为基础,按照最低合理可行原则,根据对象的不同特点,确定适当的安全完整性水平。该应用研究成果对于安全仪表系统的设计与应用具有一定的指导意义。     

Transaction Costs Economics of Irreplaceability: <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex ante</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex post</Emphasis> Evaluation of Conservation Networks’ Vulnerability to Environmental Shocks

The theoretical concept, “asset specificity,” is applied to real data in the context of Danish nature conservation network planning in order to produce illustrative examples of an economic measure of the network’s vulnerability to exogenous shocks to the species composition. Three different measures of asset specificity are quantified from the shadow value of eliminating a key species from the individual grid cells. This represents a novel approach and a different interpretation of the term, as it is conventionally used as a qualitative indicator in the transaction cost economics literature. Apart from supplementing existing cost measures with an indicator of risk associated with investments in protected areas, this study demonstrates how the estimation and interpretation of various asset specificity measures for geographical areas may qualify policy makers’ choice of policy instrument in conservation planning. This differs from the more intuitive approach of basing policy instrument choice solely on the rarity of the species in a given area.     

含水煤岩层瓦斯压力测定新技术

针对含水煤岩层瓦斯压力测定成为难题的现状,分析含水煤岩层瓦斯和水压平衡的关系,发现上行孔先排水后排气、下行孔先排气后排水的规律,利用重力学的相关知识,应用把水放出来的设计,发明上行孔煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪和下行孔煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪。现场试验表明:煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪能把测压孔中的水放出来,消除水压对瓦斯压力的影响。     

Work domain analysis for air traffic controller weather displays

INTRODUCTION: Adverse weather conditions have a major impact on National Airspace System (NAS) operations. They create safety hazards for pilots, constrain the usable airspace for air traffic control (ATC), and reduce the overall capacity of the NAS. A system-wide dissemination of weather information to controllers could theoretically improve safety and efficiency. PROBLEM: However, it is currently unclear what weather information would be beneficial for tactical operations. Furthermore, no previous research has empirically evaluated optimal presentation designs for ATC weather displays. Ill-designed weather displays can cause safety hazards by presenting redundant information (i.e., by increasing the cognitive load) and display clutter (e.g., by interfering with the visual extraction of traffic data). METHOD: In the present paper, we outline our use of cognitive work analysis (CWA) techniques for the assessment of weather information needs for terminal controllers. RESULTS: Specifically, we describe how the CWA modeling tools helped us reveal instances in the terminal domain where weather information is lacking or insufficiently disseminated. We used our CWA results to drive the development of weather display concepts and to set up a high-fidelity simulation capability. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: By means of high-fidelity simulations, we can empirically evaluate controller weather information needs in order to propose weather displays for increased aircraft safety and efficiency of terminal operations.     

环境税的理论与实践

环境税是保护环境的有效经济手段。本文首先对环境税的基本理论进行了分析,在此基础上,对我国环境税现状及发展前景进行了探讨。