多风机多级机站通风系统优化的模糊群体决策法

矿井通风系统是一个复杂的非线性系统,具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性特征。为了实现矿井通风的系统安全,对系统的安全性进行了定性、定量的预测分析和安全评价。按目标分层,用分层模糊优选理论对矿井通风系统设计方案进行优选,分层时允许评价因素重叠,从而便于确定目标与评价因素的权重。对矿井通风系统建立了多个设计方案的评判指标体系,并应用模糊群体决策确定矿井通风系统方案评判指标的权值,研究成果已应用于中条山有色金属公司胡家峪铜矿通风系统优化研究中,获得了满意的结果。     

Influence of vertical greening design of building opening on indoor cooling and ventilation

This study focused on greening designs for building openings. Field experimentation was conducted and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was used for simulation in order to analyze the influence of different greening design modes on indoor temperature. A greening design mode suitable for the opening of houses in Kaohsiung was proposed. This study took an architectural space with a pitched roof as the experimental site, where the main variable was the location of the plant facade outside the opening, and the distance between the plant and wall surface, as well as the number of plant layers, was the control variable. A plant (Rose of China) was selected for experimentation, and the indoor temperature distributions under various research module settings were discussed by numerical simulation. The conclusions are described, as follows: (1) The air temperature would be affected by the plants, and the indoor air temperature is reduced (over 0.5°C without direct sunshine in this study). (The difference between the indoor cooling effects with and without plants was 0.89~1.11°C. (2) While the cooling effect of the double-layer plant on indoor air temperature was better than a single-layer plant, the difference was limited and not proportional. (3) The plants should be located as close to the opening as possible, and be arranged partially sparse and partially dense. (4) When the outside wind speed is low, plant greening is highly recommended for cooling.     

改进灵敏度矩阵的矿井通风故障源诊断及传感器布置研究

利用当前的矿井通风安全监测监控系统,只能反映安设风速传感器的井巷风量发生变化,至于变化是由该条巷道故障引起的,还是由于拓扑关系原因引起的,都无法诊断故障源,通风系统的故障可以归结为分支的风阻发生变化。如果分析每一条分支风阻变化对通风系统的影响,即每一条分支都安设风速传感器是不可能的。因此,井下风速传感器的布置最小数量及位置问题也是研究的重点。改进灵敏度矩阵,建立分支灵敏度0-1矩阵和通风网络故障巷道范围库,用以确定可能引起风速超限的故障巷道范围。最后,提出最少全覆盖布点法,给出分支覆盖度和影响巷道范围库的概念,用以求得风速传感器的宏观布点。     

高瓦斯易自燃矿井漏风规律测试分析与研究

针对高瓦斯易自燃矿井瓦斯抽采引起采空区和破裂煤柱区域漏风增大的问题,以试验矿井金一、金二采区为例,运用通风压能测定与示踪技术相结合的联合检测,研究了矿井开采过程中的漏风规律。研究表明,在瓦斯抽采作用下试验矿井的工作面、邻近层、采空区以及密闭之间存在大量的漏风通道,漏风风速较大,达到6.53~12.26 m/min,漏风问题比较严重。从控制漏风角度提出综合治理方法可以掌握漏风规律,严控漏风通道,加强自燃监测,预防自燃事故。根据漏风规律测试结果,在主要漏风通道处,应用增挂帘布、喷涂堵漏材料、飞灰充填或水砂充填等措施堵漏控制漏风,保证了矿井的安全生产。     

综掘工作面风幕控尘除尘系统数值模拟及试验研究

针对综掘工作面掘进过程中粉尘污染问题,设计了一种新型高效的风幕控尘除尘系统,利用风幕风速衰减试验分析了风幕风速与距出口距离衰减的关系,当风幕末端风速达到2 m/s以上就能够有效控制呼吸性粉尘逃逸,另外,利用数值模拟的方法,对风幕控尘除尘系统工作原理进行了模拟,当风幕初速度为15 m/s、除尘风筒负压为-250 Pa时,风流到达巷道壁时的风速均达到了3m/s以上,风幕控尘除尘系统起到了很好的控尘和除尘作用.并对压入式通风+湿式除尘机除尘的方式进行了数值模拟,压入式通风的风流大部分被除尘风筒吸入,掘进头和压入式风筒与除尘风筒重叠段形成了无风区,大部分粉尘颗粒和瓦斯不能够及时排出,给生产带来了极大的安全隐患.     

1981~2017年四川省大气自净能力变化特征分析

利用四川省1981~2017年逐日地面气象观测资料和2017年1月环境监测资料,计算分析了四川省大气自净能力指数的时空变化特征及其影响因子,并初步探讨了2017年1月成都市大气自净能力指数与空气质量的关系.结果表明：四川省大气自净能力指数的分布形势以川西高原北部、川西高原南部、攀西地区、盆地西南部大气自净能力为较好到好,省内其余大部地区大气自净能力较差到差.近37a来,四川省、川西高原、攀西地区多年变化呈减弱趋势,四川盆地多年变化趋势不显著.影响因子中,四川省降水日平均大气自净能力指数小于非降水日.四川省以及各区域平均风速、通风量、风速较大日数和小风日数与大气自净能力指数呈显著正和负相关关系;混合层厚度与大气自净能力指数呈显著的正相关关系.     

Amalgam in Dentistry A Health Hazard for Dental Personnel?

In a cross sectional study done in 1993 among dental personnel in Norrbotten, self-reported prevalence of muscular pain, headache, tremor, insomnia, irritation, impaired memory and depression, as well as information regarding different mercury exposures were collected Mercury exposures were determined as “number of amalgam fillings in teeth,” “years in practice,” “insufficient ventilation at work,” “total number of amalgam removed, produced and polished per day,” and “working in dental clinics.” As controls, physicians and nurses from the same geographical area were selected. The correlation between symptoms and different mercury exposures was calculated using logistic regression. The results suggested a higher prevalence of muscular fatigue and tremor for female dental personnel compared to controls Controls reported a lower prevalence of symptoms with increasing number of amalgam fillings in teeth. There was no correlation between the number of amalgam fillings handled per day and symptoms for dental personnel. Male dental personnel associated muscular fatigue headache, impaired memory, and depression with increased handling of amalgam in the clinic’ whereas the female dental personnel associated the same symptoms with the number of amalgam fillings in teeth. The strongest correlation was found between symptoms and insufficient ventilation at dental clinics for dental personnel.     

Dust Emission and Efficiency of Local Exhaust Ventilation During Cast Iron Grinding

A method of determining dust emission and efficiency of its removal by means of local exhaust ventilation from machinery has been described. It complies with Standard No. EN 1093-3:1996 (European Committee for Standardization, 1996) and consists in determining air pollution concentra-tions in the measurement duct used for air removal from the chamber incorporating devices to be tested. The air volume stream that is pumped is measured at the same time.

Test results are presented for dust emission and the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation for cast iron grinding by means of manual power tools and a bench-sander. It has been found that application of local exhaust ventilation contributes to a significant reduction of dust emission with efficiency greater than 90%.     

A ventilation cooling shirt worn during office work in a hot climate: cool or not?

The aim of the study was to identify whether a ventilation cooling shirt was effective in reducing heat strain in a hot climate. Eight female volunteers were exposed to heat (38?°C, 45% relative humidity) for 2?h with simulated office work. In the first hour they were in normal summer clothes (total thermal insulation 0.8?clo); in the second hour a ventilation cooling shirt was worn on top. After the shirt was introduced for 1?h, the skin temperatures at the scapula and the chest were significantly reduced (p?<?0.05). The mean skin and core temperatures were not reduced. The subjects felt cooler and more comfortable by wearing the shirt, but the cooling effect was most conspicuous only during the initial 10?min. The cooling efficiency of the ventilation shirt was not very effective under the low physical activity in this hot climate.     

Ⅱ824^—2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理试验研究

通过对淮北芦岭矿Ⅱ824^-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理的试验研究，摸索出了高瓦斯综放工作面瓦斯治理的有效方法，取得了较好的瓦斯抽放和通风排放效果。