中国大气污染物重点行业减排分析——基于假设抽取法和价格传导影响系数

以中国各行业SO₂、NO_x和烟粉尘的排放数据为基础,利用假设抽取法和投入产出价格模型,计算了各行业的需求排放、产出排放和净转移量,模拟了不同情景下重点行业减排后对整体行业需求排放的影响,并计算了重点减排行业污染成本内部化造成的价格传导影响系数.结果显示,2014年电力热力燃气供应业、非金属矿制品业和金属矿采选及冶炼延压业这3个重点行业大气污染物净转出量最大;在这3个行业同时减排15%的情景下,SO₂、NO_x和烟粉尘这3种污染物的减排量可以分别达到中国“十三五”节能减排目标的62.12%、72.65%和67.11%;电力热力燃气供应业作为大气污染物减排影响最大的行业,如果将其污染成本内部化,其生产产品的价格会对其余行业造成不同程度的影响,其中,对水生产和供应业、金属制品业产品、金属矿采选及冶炼延压业和非金属矿制品业的价格影响较大,总价格传导影响系数分别为0.272、0.151、0.148和0.131.因此,建立合理的大气污染物减排成本分摊机制一方面可以补贴基础转出行业的治理成本,另一方面可以通过价格机制激励其他行业提高技术水平,减少对电力等基础工业产品的需求.     

Habitat selection models to account for seasonal persistence in radio telemetry data

Models for the analysis of habitat selection data incorporate covariates in an independent multinomial selections model (McCracken et al. 1998) Ramsey and Usner 2003 and an extension of that model to include a persistence parameter (2003). In both cases, all parameters are assumed to be fixed through time. Radio telemetry data collected for habitat selection studies typically consist of animal relocations through time, suggesting the need for an extension to these models. We use a Bayesian approach that allows for the habitat selection probabilities, persistence parameter, or both, to change with season. These extensions are particularly important when movement patterns are expected to differ seasonally and/or when availabilities of habitats change throughout the study period due to weather or migration. We implement and compare the models using radio telemetry data for westslope cutthroat trout in two streams in eastern Oregon.     

Interpolation performance of a spatio-temporal model with spatially varying coefficients: application to PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> concentrations in Rio de Janeiro

In this work we present a Bayesian analysis in linear regression models with spatially varying coefficients for modeling and inference in spatio-temporal processes. This kind of model is particularly appealing in situations where the effect of one or more explanatory processes on the response present substantial spatial heterogeneity. We describe for this model how to make inference about the regression coefficients and response processes under two scenarios: when the explanatory processes are known throughout the study region, and when they are known only at the sampling locations. Using a simulation experiment we investigate how parameter inference and interpolation performance are affected by some features of the data and prior distribution that is used. The proposed methodology is used to model the dataset on PM₁₀ levels in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro presented in Paez and Gamerman (2003).     

Using equation discovery to revise an Earth ecosystem model of the carbon net production

Equation discovery approaches to automated modeling from observed data usually derive equation-based models from scratch rather than from an initial model already established in the domain of use. In this paper, we present an approach that uses new or recent observational data to improve an existing equation-based model. The approach is used to reduce the error of the Earth ecosystem model of the net production of carbon in the atmosphere. We revise the initial ecosystem model in two directions. First, we calibrate the values of the constant parameters in the model on new observational data. Second, we allow the use of alternative equation structures for some of the sub-models of the initial model and use our approach to choose among them. Experiments show that both revision of values of the constant parameters and revision of the structures of sub-models can considerably reduce the error of the initial model.     

"网箱养草"净化水质技术初步试验结果

根据金鱼藻根严重退化的特殊性，用几种栽培方式探讨将其置于类似网箱养鱼的网箱中，或散养，或适当固定，并借助网箱养鱼的沉子、浮子，使其可在水层中上下移动，利用沉水植物光合放氧增加水体中溶解氧，吸收N、P等净化富营养化水体的可能性。     

清洁生产审核中经济评估指标的应用

在清洁生产审核中，经济评估是对清洁生产方案的综合性全面经济分析。通过评估分析，比较各种备选方案，为投资决策选择效益最佳的方案提供依据。本文通过对水泥厂清洁生产审核经济评估指标的分析，详细阐述各项评估指标的运用效果。     

基于贝叶斯网络的城市地下燃气管网动态风险分析

为研究城市燃气管网风险的动态性,针对传统风险分析方法的局限性,提出基于贝叶斯网络的燃气管网动态风险分析方法。构建燃气管网失效蝴蝶结模型并将其转化为贝叶斯网络模型;在事故发生状态下更新事件失效概率,识别出关键因素;根据异常事件数据和贝叶斯理论,对基本事件失效概率进行实时动态改变;随之更新管网失效及各后果发生的概率,从而实现管网的动态风险分析。研究结果表明:该方法克服了传统风险分析方法的不足,可动态反映燃气管网失效和事故后果发生概率随时间变化的特征,能够为城市地下燃气管网的风险分析与事故预防提供参考。     

Resilience-based optimal firefighting to prevent domino effects in process plants

Domino effects triggered by fire can cause extremely severe damages to the chemical and process plants. In the need of a more effective prevention of fire domino effects, the present study focuses on firefighting which has received less attention compared to passive and active fire protection systems. Considering both the vulnerability and recoverability phases during fire domino effects, we have introduced a methodology for optimal identification of firefighting strategies so as to increase the resiliency of process plants in dealing with fire escalation scenarios. The area above the resilience curve (AARC), which is equal to the accumulation of loss of resilience over time, was considered as the metric to identify the optimal firefighting strategies. In other words, the strategy leading to the lowest AARC can be selected as the optimal strategy from a resiliency perspective.