强突松软近距离煤层群石门揭煤防突技术研究

为了研究强突松软近距离煤层群石门揭煤防突技术,安全、顺利地揭煤,基于海孜矿Ⅱ32主运石门地质条件和瓦斯赋存状况,对近距离煤层群9+8煤层实施密集预抽钻孔抽采瓦斯与低压水力冲孔卸压增透相结合的措施,防治煤与瓦斯突出。结果表明:低压水力冲孔冲煤率达到4.5%;冲孔后瓦斯抽采流量为未冲孔的10倍以上;整体瓦斯抽采率达到71.7%,比以前提高了约1.6倍,卸压增透效果明显。预抽钻孔抽采后,9煤、8煤的残余瓦斯压力,分别为0.3MPa、0.22MPa,残余瓦斯含量分别为5.23m3/t、5.13m3/t,防突效果显著,可安全、顺利地揭开9+8煤层。     

Chelant-assisted pulse flushing of a field Pb-contaminated soil

Laboratory experiments on a lead-contaminated soil were carried out to test the effects of chelant addition on metal leachability using column tests. Tests were aimed at studying metal mobilisation upon application of two different chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid [EDDS]). Column operation was arranged to simulate a flushing treatment in which the chelating agent is applied in a pulse mode to the soil for one bed volume, while deionised water was continuously introduced for the rest of the experiment. Two different concentrations (3 and 5 mmol·kg ^?1 respectively) of the two chelating agents and a control solution (deionised water) were tested in separate experiments; pH, total organic carbon and the total concentrations of Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cu and Ni were monitored during each run. A seven-step sequential extraction procedure was used to evaluate metal partitioning and concentration in the contaminated soil after treatment as a function of depth. The results showed the effect of the nature of flushing solution on the hydraulic behaviour of the columns. Metal concentrations in the leachate increased considerably upon the application of chelants, thus indicating their suitability for metal extraction from contaminated soils. In view of full-scale application of soil flushing, particular concern should also be devoted to ensuring a homogeneous distribution of the solution within the contaminated area and an efficient collection of the exhausted extracting solution, as well as to recovering and recycling the chelating agent used.     

无机盐对表面活性剂淋洗疏水性有机污染物的影响机理

表面活性剂淋洗法是去除土壤中疏水性有机污染物的一种有效方法。在简要介绍表面活性剂淋洗法去除作用机理的基础上,从增流和增溶两方面,讨论了无机盐对表面活性剂淋洗法去除疏水性有机污染物的影响机理。     

重庆市路面降雨径流特征及污染源解析

2010年雨季对重庆市3场降雨时段的地表径流进行采样监测,分析了重庆市路面降雨径流过程特征与降雨强度和降雨间隔时间对不同水质参数初始冲刷的影响,运用多元统计技术区分出路面径流的潜在污染源.结果表明,3场降雨径流的COD、TP和TN的次降雨平均浓度(EMC)分别为60.83～208.03、0.47～1.01和2.07～5.00 mg.L-1,超出了国家地表水环境质量V类标准,是主要污染物;3次降雨事件中,污染物浓度的峰值均提前或同步于径流量的峰值,并且污染物浓度的峰值多数出现在产流10 min内;重金属Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd浓度随降雨径流过程呈锯齿状变化;运用主成分分析区分出路面径流水质的2种潜在污染源:①机动车交通损耗和大气干湿沉降;②城市垃圾.