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164.
Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles
in a South China coastal city 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Weijun Li Longyi Shao Zhishi Wang Rongrong Shen Shusheng Yang Uwa Tang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(4):561-569
Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles. 相似文献
165.
采用锅炉节能节水近零排放成套技术对企业锅炉系统进行改造,保证企业锅炉在零排污工况下的安全、经济运行,降低了企业能源和水资源消耗,减少污染排放,降低企业生产成本,增强企业竞争力,具有安全、节能、节水、减排等特点。实践证明:锅炉吨蒸汽补水量从1.5m^3下降到0.073m^3;吨蒸汽废水排放量从1.4m^3下降到0.004m^3;吨蒸汽耗煤量由168.3kg下降到152.3k;锅水溶解固形物从3000mg/L下降到2100mg/L;碳钢腐蚀率≤0.001mm/a、阻垢率≥99.95%。2台35t/h中压锅炉年可节约费用825.3万元。 相似文献
166.
Tomasz Ciach Tomasz R. Sosnowski 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):321-333
The paper presents results of investigations of a novel method for diesel exhaust filtration in a fibrous filter supplemented by the external electrostatic field (FEF), which may be used to eliminate the occupational hazard near sources of diesel emission. The reported research follows the preliminary basic study of soot removal in such systems (Ciach, Sosnowski, & Podgórski, 1995), and is focused on the construction and testing of a prototype technical-scale FEF device. The results suggest a strong relation between applied voltage and filtration efficiency of the system and demonstrate the influence of aerosol precharging on the efficiency, which can be more than 95%. 相似文献
167.
可吸入颗粒物生物活性及其微观特征分析 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
采用质粒DNA评价法研究了2004年春季北京市区和郊区上甸子(本底区)PM10的生物活性.结果表明,郊区上甸子2个PM10的TD20值(引起20%质粒DNA损伤所需要的颗粒物剂量)分别为53μg·mL-1和<50μg·mL-1,市区2个PM10的TD20值分别为125μg·mL-1和100μg·mL-1,说明郊区PM10的生物活性明显高于市区.同时利用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和图像分析技术,从PM10微观特征上进行了生物活性差异的原因分析,认为其原因有:①上甸子PM10中以细颗粒物为主,在0~0.7μm粒度范围内的细颗粒物的数量百分含量明显高于市区PM10,而表面积则在0~1.0μm的范围内高于市区;②市区PM10中以粒度较大的矿物颗粒物为主,而上甸子PM10则以生物活性较大的烟尘为主,数量百分含量高达58.8%.因此PM10质量浓度并非评价可吸入颗粒物健康效应的唯一指标,颗粒物的粒度分布和类型可能在其生物活性中起重要作用. 相似文献
168.
The explosion hazard of flammable liquids leaking to form spray in storage and transportation at ambient temperature has not been systematically investigated. This work presents new results from experimental investigations of the atomization and explosion characteristics of methanol, and methanol-benzene blends forming near the azeotrope under different initial conditions (initial temperature (298.15–318.15 K), methanol concentration (198–514.8 g/m3) and benzene content (41–81%)) in a 20-L spherical vessel. The empirical formulas for Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of the droplets and the maximum explosion pressure with respect to the initial temperature and methanol concentration were obtained from the quantitative analysis. Compared to the explosion hazard of pure methanol and methanol-benzene blends spray, the results showed that the maximum rate of pressure rise and maximum explosion temperature of methanol-benzene blends were relatively low. Furthermore, the effect of carbon soot formation on the explosion hazard during explosion development was analyzed. 相似文献