锅炉房电气设备运行安全应注意的几个问题

对工业锅炉房电气设备及电缆敷设的设计和运行管理安全提出应注意的问题,并提出本质安全要求。     

Optimising energy recovery and use of chemicals,resources and materials in modern waste-to-energy plants

Due to ongoing developments in the EU waste policy, Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants are to be optimized beyond current acceptance levels. In this paper, a non-exhaustive overview of advanced technical improvements is presented and illustrated with facts and figures from state-of-the-art combustion plants for municipal solid waste (MSW). Some of the data included originate from regular WtE plant operation – before and after optimisation – as well as from defined plant-scale research. Aspects of energy efficiency and (re-)use of chemicals, resources and materials are discussed and support, in light of best available techniques (BAT), the idea that WtE plant performance still can be improved significantly, without direct need for expensive techniques, tools or re-design. In first instance, diagnostic skills and a thorough understanding of processes and operations allow for reclaiming the silent optimisation potential.     

大型锅炉房的噪声监测与治理

对大型锅炉房(燃煤、燃气、燃油)的噪声源进行测试分析．给出了隔声、吸声、消声量的计算公式．同时针对燃煤、燃油、燃气锅炉房的噪声污染．采取了不同的治理措施．取得了较好的治理效果。     

多管旋风除尘器热态除尘效率的影响因素

根据对多管旋风除法器热态除尘效率大量测试实践，讨论了影响多管风除尘器除尘效率的制造质量，整体安装要求、运行管理及锅炉运行等因素，建议在应用推广中应予以重视。     

Chlorophenols in lake bottom sediments: A retrospective study of drinking water contamination

Lake and brook bottom sediments were analyzed for chlorophenols to provide historical data of exposure assessment, after the water intake plant of a Finnish village had been found to be contaminated in 1987, and subsequently elevated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk was detected. Highly elevated 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol levels were found in all four lake sediment cores investigated. The distribution was uneven with much higher concentrations in the estuary, in contrast to PCB compounds which were more evenly distributed within the basin. The inlet origin of the chlorophenols in the sediments was further supported by the regional distribution pattern of these compounds in the sediment and water along transects of the inlet and its tributaries. The composition of chlorophenol congeners in the sediments was similar to that in a commercial fungicide used by a local sawmill, but different from other sediment analyses reported in Finland, also implying a local source. Dating of three cores by Pb-210 and soot ball chronology indicated that the contamination of the watercourse started in the early 1970s at the latest but possibly earlier. This would provide the latency time required for tumour appearance in the 1970s and 1980s.     

La1-xCexFe0.7Co0.3O3-δ网状多层纳米纤维对碳烟催化燃烧性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备了一系列钙钛矿催化剂La_(1-x)Ce_xFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_(3-δ)(x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4),并采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、H2-TPR和O_2-TPD等技术分析了Ce掺杂量对催化剂结构、微观形貌及理化特性的影响.同时,采用程序升温氧化(TPO)技术评价了催化剂对碳烟的催化燃烧活性,探讨了催化剂对碳烟的催化燃烧机理.结果表明:在La_(1-x)Ce_xFe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_(3-δ)中掺杂适宜的Ce有助于提高催化剂活性,改善催化剂比表面积和孔容积.在催化剂与碳烟松散接触条件下,当Ce掺杂量(质量百分比)为0.3时,所制备的La_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)Fe_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_(3-δ)对碳烟的起燃温度(T_(ig))、最大燃烧温度(T_m)和燃尽温度(T_f)分别为329.5、409.8和421.1℃,呈现良好的催化氧化活性.碳烟最大转化效率为98.7%,平均活化能为123 kJ·mol~(-1),CO_2选择率为98.2%,实现了对柴油机碳烟排放污染物有效"过滤+催化燃烧"的双重目标.     

生物柴油的碳烟形貌及影响因素分析

使用热场发射扫描电子显微镜拍摄了5种生物柴油和0号柴油在常温常压状态下燃烧产生的碳烟照片,分析了碳烟粒子的形貌及影响形貌和生成量的因素。研究表明,碳烟粒子多呈球状,平均直径在35～75nm之间,粒径分布符合高斯分布,总体排列呈现链状或者块状;碳烟形貌及生成量与火焰温度、燃料的氧含量、芳香烃含量、硫含量以及十六烷值等因素有关,与柴油相比,生物柴油燃烧火焰温度高、含氧量高、芳香烃和硫含量少,十六烷值高,使生物柴油的碳烟粒径普遍较小,整体排列更紧密,粘结程度更强。     

洗浴用小型锅炉的测试与评价

经过多次对煤炭气化高温蒸汽锅炉、型煤锅炉、常压反烧锅炉和蒸汽锅炉等洗浴用小锅炉的测试、分析与评价,确认煤炭气化高温蒸汽锅炉的节能环保指标都比其他锅炉具有显著的优越性。它可以在常压下产生150℃的高温蒸汽,燃烧散煤时其排放的SO2和烟尘都达到国家一级排放标准,锅炉平均热效率可达78.05%,比同吨位的常压热水锅炉和蒸汽锅炉节能30%,比型煤锅炉节能约50%,比燃油锅炉、燃气锅炉、电锅炉节能约60%以上。     

不同后处理器对DMCC发动机PM排放的影响

在一台整车排放达到国Ⅲ标准的YC4D140电控单体泵增压中冷柴油机上加装甲醇喷射系统,改成柴油甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)发动机.使用AVL 415S烟度计和DMS 500快速颗粒物光谱仪研究不同后处理器对DMCC发动机颗粒物(PM)排放的影响.试验结果表明,各工况下单独CDPF、DOC+CDPF基本可以消除发动机产生的干炭烟.DOC+CDPF后处理方式与单独CDPF相比,颗粒物捕集效率明显提高,且前者对颗粒物中核态部分的捕集效果更加突出.甲醇掺烧后,炭烟和颗粒物几何平均直径降低.经CDPF和DOC+CDPF处理,415S烟度计测得的炭烟进一步降低;DMS颗粒物光谱仪显示的颗粒物粒径,因其中核态部分大部被氧化捕集而仅余较大几何平均直径的部分.小负荷时经CDPF和DOC+CDPF处理,颗粒物的几何平均直径会增大,大负荷时则相反.各工况下相比于CDPF,DOC+CDPF对核态颗粒物捕集更有效.     

33年来中国铁路运输行业的大气污染物排放

铁路是中国重要的交通运输方式,但中国至今尚无铁路运输行业大气污染物排放的报道.根据中国铁路部门逐年统计数据,采用基于燃料消耗量的排放因子法,估算了1975～2007年中国铁路机车大气污染物排放量,并分析了大气污染物排放强度及其变化.结果表明,33年来中国铁路机车烟尘、SO2、CO和CnHm排放量逐年降低,分别由1975...