基于灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫模型的职业病预测研究

为准确预测量化我国职业病的发病趋势,在灰色GM(1,1)模型的基础上结合马尔科夫过程构建灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫预测模型,探讨灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫模型在职业病预测领域的应用。通过平均相对误差、后验差比值、小误差概率3个指标对该组合模型的预测精度进行评估。结果表明:10维灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫模型与原始数列的拟合程度较高,预测精度等级为一级（好）,该组合模型的预测精度优于单一的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型;在遵循新陈代谢原理的情况下,我国职业病发病呈现上升态势,2015—2018年的职业病发病例数依次为31 196,36 284,37 724,39 147例。     

消防射水与自然冷却下玻璃纤维对灾后混凝土性能影响

本文对火灾后消防射水对玻璃纤维改性混凝土(GF-1)剩余抗压强度的影响进行了研究。分析了GF-1在不同温度、不同冷却方式条件下抗压强度的变化规律,并利用ORIGIN7.5软件拟合了高温作用后GF-1剩余抗压强度与温度之间的关系。研究得出:在两种冷却条件下,二种配比的HPC在高温后剩余抗压强度均呈持续降低,消防射水冷却条件下HPC的剩余抗压强度降低速率大;加热到900℃时,消防射水冷却条件下HPC的剩余抗压强度最低;消防射水对高温作用后GF-1的剩余强度影响很大,射水冷却后GF-1剩余强度明显低于自然冷却的剩余强度;且随着破坏温度升高,经消防射水冷却的GF-1剩余抗压强度呈衰减状态,;GF-1在射水冷却下强度变化没有NC-1快速,与自然冷却条件下的强度变化相比,也呈现出不同的衰减规律;并建立了自然冷却条件下及消防射水冷却条件下GF-1剩余强度与火场温度之间的多阶多项式拟合式。     

锂离子电池正极材料的回收及再制备

通过湿化学法从废旧锂离子电池中回收得到Li+、Co2+的硝酸溶液,以此为钴源,与Ni(NO3)2.6H2O、Mn(NO3)2按化学计量比混合,用草酸盐共沉淀法制备草酸盐前驱体,然后按Li过量5%加入Li2CO3混合,在空气中于800～950°C煅烧15 h得LiCo1/3Mn1/3Ni1/3O2,研究了煅烧温度对材料结构、形貌以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,900℃保温15 h制备的LiCo1/3Mn1/3Ni1/3O2正极材料,为理想的(α-NaFeO2层状结构,颗粒为大小均匀的球形,在2.5～4.3 V的电压范围内,以0.1 C的恒定电流进行充放电,其首次充放电比容量分别为194.3和150.9 mAh/g,10次循环之后的容量保持率为89.9%,放电比容量为135.0 mAh/g。     

大鹏湾春季海水理化因素与拟尖刺菱形藻种群密度的灰色系统模型研究

对1990年3月30日－6月25日在大鹏湾盐田海域的海水采样结果，用灰色理论的系统分析方法研究并计算大鹏湾地区海水中的拟尖刺菱形藻与浮游动物数量等15个海水理化因子变化的灰关联度，关联排序结果表明：浮游动物、Fe、浊度、Me、DO、V、Se、酸碱度、盐度和温度对拟尖刺菱形藻的种群增殖态有着较大的影响。进而建立灰色系统模型{GM（1，h )}对拟尖刺菱形藻种群增殖的动态辨识分析。     

Effects of the surface chemistry of macroreticular adsorbents on the adsorption of 1-naphthol/1-naphthylamine mixtures from water

The adsorption behaviors of 1-naphthol, 1-naphthylamine and l-naphthol/l-naphthylamine mixtures in water over two macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single or binary batch systems at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K respectively. All the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems can be adequately fitted by Langmuir model. In the case of aminated macroreticular adsorbent NDA103, 1-naphthol is adsorbed to a larger extent than 1-naphthylamine; while, the opposite trend is found for nonpolar macroreticular adsorbent NDA100. It is noteworthy that at higher temperature（303 K and 313 K）, the total uptake amounts of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine in all binary-component systems are obvious larger than the pure uptake amounts in single-component systems, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the loaded 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine molecules. The simultaneous adsorption systems were confirmed to be helpful to the selective adsorption towards 1-naphthol according to the larger selective index.     

The difference of morphological characteristics and population structure in PAO and DPAOgranular sludges

We examined how long-term operation of anaerobic–oxic and anaerobic–anoxic sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) affects the enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)performance and sludge characteristics. The microbial characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organism(PAO) and denitrifying PAO(DPAO) sludge were also analyzed through a quantitative analysis of microbial community structure. Compared with the initial stage of operation characterized by unstable EBPR, both PAO and DPAO SBR produced a stable EBPR performance after about 100-day operation. From day 200 days(DPAO SBR)and 250 days(PAO SBR) onward, sludge granulation was observed, and the average granule size of DPAO SBR was approximately 5 times larger than that of PAO SBR. The DPAO granular sludge contained mainly rod-type microbes, whereas the PAO granular sludge contained coccus-type microbes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that a high ratio of Accumulibacter clade I was found only in DPAO SBR, revealing the important role of this organism in the denitrifying EBPR system. A pyrosequencing analysis showed that Accumulibacter phosphatis was present in PAO sludge at a high proportion of 6%,whereas it rarely observed in DPAO sludge. Dechloromonas was observed in both PAO sludge(3.3%) and DPAO sludge(3.2%), confirming that this organism can use both O_2 and NO_3~- as electron acceptors. Further, Thauera spp. was identified to have a new possibility as denitrifier capable of phosphorous uptake under anoxic condition.     

负载AsOB离子交换纤维FFA-1去除水中三价砷

对比两组填充了离子交换纤维FFA-1的固定床反应器（R1和R2）的运行处理效果,研究负载功能微生物的离子纤维组合工艺对不同浓度As（III）的去除能力.研究结果表明接种了三价砷氧化菌（AsOB）的R1能够长期稳定并高效地去除不同浓度（1~10 mg·L^-1）As（III）.未接种AsOB的R2反应器初期无法去除As（III）,随着微生物逐步侵入R2反应器,7 d后R2反应器As（III）去除率逐渐与R1接近.相对于一直稳定运行的R1反应器,每次提升进水中As（III）浓度后R2去除率呈现先下降后上升的趋势.同时,在运行过程中发现进水中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-等阴离子也会被R1和R2去除从而导致As（III）去除总量的下降.离子交换纤维FFA-1再生实验证实R1和R2中的纤维与原始的离子交换纤维FFA-1再生效果相当（再生率均达到90%以上）.进一步研究微生物种群结构在反应器中的变化发现离子交换纤维作为微生物载体可能是影响微生物种群结构的重要因素.本研究证实了功能微生物AsOB联合离子交换纤维可以作为一种高效去除地下水中三价砷的工艺,具有很好的应用前景.     

X70钢在碳酸氢钠溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

通过电化学试验方法对X70钢在NaHCO3溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究.实验结果表明,当NaHCO3质量分数低于0.10%时,极化曲线呈现阳极活化溶解过程,高于0.10%时阳极极化出现钝化过程,并且在-0.6 V(vs.SCE)左右出现了一个新的小电流峰.通过对交流阻抗谱分析发现,高频区均是由略偏离半圆的容抗弧组成,并且实部有所收缩.HCO3-的还原反应在阴极过程中起主要作用,整个过程受极化控制.X70钢在NaHCO3溶液中的腐蚀速度随着NaHCO3质量分数的增大而增大,在试验结束后,对试样表面的腐蚀形貌进行了观察,并利用XRD分析出腐蚀产物主要为FeO(OH)和Fe3O4.     

矸石基X型分子筛对水中Co2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr3+的去除

以煤矸石为原料,采用碱熔后水热合成法制备X型分子筛并进行XRD、SEM、BET和Zeta电位分析。研究其对水中Co2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr3+4种离子的吸附性能,包括吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及初始金属离子浓度、pH值对吸附性能的影响。所合成的矸石基X型分子筛的BET比表面积为676.02 m2/g,微孔孔容为0.263 cm3/g。吸附实验表明,矸石基X型分子筛能有效去除上述4种离子,同时实现煤矸石的资源化和金属离子的去除。4种离子的平衡吸附量均随初始浓度的增大而增大,相同条件下平衡吸附量的大小顺序为Cd2+>Cr3+>Cu2+>Co2+。准二级动力学模型能很好地描述4种离子的吸附动力行为。Langmuir模型对Co2+、Cu2+和Cd2+吸附的拟合较Freundlich模型高,说明其主要表现为物理吸附过程。4种离子的吸附速率均由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制。     

Catalytic performance of copper and cerium oxides-based γ-Al_2O_3 on combustion of toluene

以γ-Al2O3为载体,以复合氧化物CuxCe1-xO2为活性组分,其中,x=0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,通过浸渍法制备了一系列CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂.在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂对甲苯的催化活性,通过XRD、SEM对催化剂进行表征,并运用ICP-MS分析并计算Cu、Ce的摩尔比以及活性组分的负载量.结果表明,在CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Cu、Ce摩尔比的实际值与理论值相近,活性组分的负载量在19%以上,而且对甲苯都有较好的低温催化活性,其中当x=0.2时,即Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲苯的催化活性最高,其中T10=160℃,T90=265℃;当甲苯的进口浓度在700～3000mg·m-3时,进口浓度对Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性影响较小,且经过连续80h的稳定性操作后转化率仍然保持在90%以上.