降解甲基叔丁基醚的PM1生物膜培养及性能研究

在pH值7.2～8.5、温度25℃、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,用含有甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）的模拟废水对Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1进行富集培养并在陶粒表面挂膜,进而对其特性、性能等进行了研究。填料表面生物膜MTBE降解的序批实验和电镜照片分析均表明陶粒表面已成功附着PM1高效降解菌形成的生物膜。在挂膜后期,当起始MTBE浓度为100～110 mg/L时,经过24 h,MTBE的去除率达到65%以上并基本稳定,其中挥发占4.6%,生物降解起主导的作用。     

马尔科夫链在环境质量预测中的应用

鉴于目前环境质量预测在理论方法和实践经验上的缺乏,把马尔科夫链引入环境质量的预测中,将各种污染物的浓度变化过程视作马尔科夫过程,通过预测各种污染物的污染负荷系数来推知其浓度值。实例中通过多元回归分析计算出马尔科夫转移矩阵,以2005年辽宁省5种大气污染物的污染负荷系数作为初始向量,预测了今后5年的变化。然后利用GM(1,1)模型预测出降尘的具体浓度值,由此计算出了2006-2010年辽宁省5种污染物的浓度值。     

Adapting the bioblitz to meet conservation needs

When conservation strategies require new, field‐based information, practitioners must find the best ways to rapidly deliver high‐quality survey data. To address this challenge, several rapid‐assessment approaches have been developed since the early 1990s. These typically involve large areas, take many months to complete, and are not appropriate when conservation‐relevant survey data are urgently needed for a specific locale. In contrast, bioblitzes are designed for quick collection of site‐specific survey data. Although bioblitzes are commonly used to achieve educational or public‐engagement goals, conservation practitioners are increasingly using a modified bioblitz approach to generate conservation‐relevant data while simultaneously enhancing research capacity and building working partnerships focused on conservation concerns. We term these modified events expert bioblitzes. Several expert bioblitzes have taken place on lands of conservation concern in Southern California and have involved collaborative efforts of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, botanic gardens, museums, and universities. The results of expert bioblitzes directly informed on‐the‐ground conservation and decision‐making; increased capacity for rapid deployment of expert bioblitzes in the future; and fostered collaboration and communication among taxonomically and institutionally diverse experts. As research and conservation funding becomes increasingly scarce, expert bioblitzes can play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation.     

灰色GM(1,2,M,N)在地面沉降预测中的应用

通过分析地面沉降过程与地下水开采量之间可能存在的时滞性以及非线性关系,将原有的灰色GM(1,2)模型改进为灰色GM(1,2,M,N)模型。通过对天津市塘沽、汉沽以及大港三区的沉降实例进行计算,发现新的模型能够较好地拟合和预测历史沉降过程,并且预测结果合理。     

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from tropical plant species in India

Foliar emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from common Indian plant species was measured. Dynamic flow enclosure technique was used and the gas samples were collected onto Tenax-GC/Carboseive cartridges. The Tenax-GC/Carboseive cartridges were attached to the thermal disorber sample injection system and the gas sample was analysed using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionisation detection (FID). Fifty-one local plant species were screened, out of which 36 species were found to emit VOC (4 high emitter; 28 moderate emitter; and 4 low-emitter), while in the remaining 15 species no VOC emission was detected or the levels of emission were below detection limit (BDL). VOC emission was found to vary from one species to another. There was a marked seasonal and diurnal variation in VOC emission. The minimum and maximum VOC emission values were < 0.1 and 87 microgg(-1) dry leaf h(-1) in Ficus infectoria and Lantana camara respectively. Out of the 51 plant species studied, 13 species are reported here for the first time. Among the nine tree species (which were selected for detailed study), the highest average hourly emission (9.69+/-8.39 microgg(-1) dry leaf) was observed in Eucalyptus species and the minimum in Syzygium jambolanum (1.89+/-2.48 microgg(-1) dry leaf). An attempt has been made to compare VOC emission from different plant species between present study and the literature (tropical and other regions).     

Climate change and changes in global precipitation patterns: what do we know?

The objective of this paper is to synthesize the large literature recording changing patterns of precipitation in the observed data, thus indicating that climate change is already a reality. Such a synthesis is required not only for environmental researchers but also for policy makers. The key question is the broad picture at major regional and continental levels. Some interesting conclusions for this survey are emerging. For example, the review shows increased variance of precipitation everywhere. Consistent with this finding, we observe that wet areas become wetter, and dry and arid areas become more so. In addition, the following general changing pattern is emerging: (a) increased precipitation in high latitudes (Northern Hemisphere); (b) reductions in precipitation in China, Australia and the Small Island States in the Pacific; and (c) increased variance in equatorial regions. The changes in the major ocean currents also appear to be affecting precipitation patterns. For example, increased intensity and frequency of El Ni?o and ENSO seem associated with evidence of an observed "dipole" pattern affecting Africa and Asia, although this time series is too short so far. But the changing pattern calls for renewed efforts at adaptation to climate change, as the changing precipitation pattern will also affect the regional availability of food supply.