Metabolism of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine andN-phenyl-1-naphthylamine by rat hepaticmicrosomes and hepatocytes

The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysis of hepatocyte incubations with revealed that phenols were the major metabolites in both cases. P1NA formed one phenolic metabolite only, while incubation with P2NA yielded two phenols identified as 6-hydroxy-P2NA and 4'-hydroxy-P2NA by cochromatography with authentic samples. β-naphthylamine, a metabolite indicating dephenylation of P2NA was not detectable.Metabolism studies with microsomes revealed that the phenols were formed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene both increased the rate of microsomal metabolism of P1NA and P2NA, indicating that more than one P-450 enzyme mediate the oxygenation reaction. Animal pretreatment with single and repeated doses of P1NA and P2NA did not markedly stimulate metabolism, b     

传统活性污泥法COD去除及脱氮改造的模拟

活性污泥模型方法正逐渐成为废水处理工程领域科学研究、工艺设计和过程控制的一种重要手段。以国际水质协会的活性污泥1号模型（ASM1为基础，以MATLAB为工具开发模拟软件，对模型进行了校核与验证。模拟了重庆市唐家桥污水处理厂COD和含N组分的降解过程，研究了有机物负荷、流量、温度和溶解氧浓度变化对出水COD、氨氮、硝态氮和总氮的影响。利用所开发的模拟程序对唐家桥污水处理厂的脱氮改造方案进行了优化，并预测了改造后的处理效果。     

雨季玉龙雪山白水1号冰川表层雪中无机离子特征及环境意义

分析了玉龙雪山白水1号冰川雨季(5-10月)表层雪中无机离子的组成和特征,并与其他高海拔地区湿沉降进行对比。结果表明:白水1号冰川表层雪一定程度上受到了人类活动的影响;由于雨季强烈的淋溶作用,表层雪SO₄^2-含量较低,酸度的主要贡献离子是NO₃^-;pH值较高的原因是碱性金属离子的中和作用;海盐示踪结果显示雨季表层雪中离子来源主要以海源为主。在6-9月之间由于降水的淋洗作用,表层雪中离子浓度较低。表层雪中NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺高于大多数其他高海拔区域降水,是表层雪中无机离子浓度的主要贡献者,Ca²⁺浓度较高说明该地区高空水汽也受到了局地岩石岩性的强烈影响。     

Electrochemical inactivation of cyanobacteria and microcystin degradation using a boron-doped diamond anode——A potential tool for cyanobacterial bloom control

Cyanobacterial blooms are global phenomena that can occur in calm and nutrient-rich(eutrophic) fresh and marine waters. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and their biologically active products is possible during water sports and various water activities, or by ingestion of contaminated water. Although the vast majority of harmful cyanobacterial products are confined to the interior of the cells, these are eventually released into the surrounding water following natural or artificially induced cell death. Electrochemical oxidation has been used here to damage cyanobacteria to halt their proliferation, and for microcystin degradation under in-vitro conditions. Partially spent Jaworski growth medium with no addition of supporting electrolytes was used. Electrochemical treatment resulted in the cyanobacterial loss of cell-buoyancy regulation, cell proliferation arrest, and eventual cell death. Microcystin degradation was studied separately in two basic modes of treatment: batch-wise flow, and constant flow, for electrolytic-cell exposure. Batch-wise exposure simulates treatment under environmental conditions, while constant flow is more appropriate for the study of boron-doped diamond electrode efficacy under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of microcystin degradation was established using high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector analysis, while the biological activities of the products were estimated using a colorimetric protein phosphatase-1 inhibition assay. The results indicate potential for the application of electro-oxidation methods for the control of bloom events by taking advantage of specific intrinsic ecological characteristics of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. The applicability of the use of boron-doped diamond electrodes in remediation of water exposed to cyanobacteria bloom events is discussed.     

太湖、巢湖水体总悬浮物浓度半分析反演模型构建及其适用性评价

总悬浮物浓度是水体重要的水质参数.本研究利用太湖春季、秋季和巢湖夏季多期野外实测数据,通过对生物光学模型进行合理的简化构建适用于太湖、巢湖水体总悬浮物浓度反演的半分析模型,并将该模型应用于MERIS和环境一号卫星高光谱卫星影像上以验证该方法的适用性.结果表明:①针对太湖和巢湖水体,总悬浮物浓度最优反演波段范围为730～832nm(氧气吸收带除外);②针对MERIS数据,波段10(中心波长754 nm)和波段12(中心波长779 nm)均适用于太湖总悬浮物浓度反演,而波段11(中心波长761 nm)由于氧气吸收带的影响不适用于总悬浮物浓度反演;③针对太湖MERIS数据,模型反演结果的相对误差基本上呈现出随距离卫星过境时间增大而逐渐增加的趋势,在卫星过境时间正负3 h内测量的样点,模型反演结果的相对误差均在50%以内,而时间差超过3 h,相对误差则逐渐增大到50%以上;④环境一号卫星高光谱数据17个波段(B83～B99)均能够对巢湖总悬浮物浓度进行较好的反演,其反演效果要好于MERIS数据在太湖的反演结果.     

栅藻LX1在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性

利用高含油脂微藻处理废水,可以实现废水处理与生物柴油生产的耦合,已成为废水处理领域新的研究方向.研究了1株高含油脂的淡水栅藻LX1（Scenedesmus sp.LX1）在水产养殖废水中的生长、脱氮除磷和油脂积累特性.结果表明,栅藻LXl在该废水中的内禀生长速率、最大种群密度和最大种群生物量增长速率分别为0.44 d-1、7.46×106个.mL-1和0.82×106个.（mL.d）-1.培养至稳定期后,栅藻LXl对废水中的氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮和磷的去除率分别为95.5%、96.3%、85.8%和98.8%;其生物量干重为0.38 g.L-1,单位藻细胞油脂含量高达31.6%.因此,栅藻LXl在水产养殖废水的净化和资源化方面具有较大优势,适于作为耦合工艺的优选藻种.     

恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida LY1）共代谢降解苯酚和4-氯苯酚系统的降解动力学研究

对恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida LY1）共代谢降解苯酚和4-氯苯酚（4-CP）系统进行了降解实验和动力学研究.结果表明,恶臭假单胞菌可以有效地降解苯酚,苯酚浓度为50mg·L-1时细菌生长速度最快,4-氯苯酚浓度的增加会对细菌产生一定的抑制作用.同时,用改进的Haldane方程模拟恶臭假单胞菌LY...     

CBERS-1在森林资源调查与评价中的应用

以辽宁省抚顺地区为例,采用3S（GPS,RS,GIS）技术,以中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS-1）和美国陆地卫星TM（Landsat TM）遥感信息为基础数据源,提取森林资源信息进行卫星遥感解译,为地区森林资源动态监测和保护提供技术方法和依据。     

上海春季大气PM_1分布特征

利用2015年春季(3月—5月)上海地区9个大气成分站在线观测获得的地面PM_1质量浓度数据,研究该地区PM_1浓度时空分布特征。结果表明,上海地区各站PM_1污染浓度水平总体较高,整个上海地区的PM_1小时平均浓度为26.3μg?m~(-3),最大值为126.4μg?m~(-3),最小值为2.4μg?m~(-3);各站PM_1浓度的日变化分布表现为峰值类型和峰值时间不一;各站PM_1三个主要粒径段的质量浓度比值均有一定的差异,其中东滩PM_1比例最大,宝山最小;上海春季PM_1的浓度逆周末效应,可能是由于春季气象条件周期性影响。     

基于环境小卫星反演地表温度以及与实测数据的比较与分析

地表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）在地表与大气能量交换中扮演着重要角色,是地表过程分析和模拟的关键参数。随着卫星遥感技术的发展,利用遥感反演地表温度的方法不断出现,如劈窗法（SW）、双角度法(DA)和单通道算法（SC）等。针对HJ-1B星波段特点,选择太湖及其周边区域为研究区,利用地面实测水温数据,对Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法和覃志豪单窗算法的反演精度进行了对比和敏感性分析。结果表明：Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法较覃志豪单窗算法精度稍高,更加接近实测水温数据,但是Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法的敏感性高于覃志豪单窗算法的敏感性,且Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法只适用于一定的水汽含量范围,有一定的局限性。