用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究

溶剂萃取法是目前回收处理含高浓度对硝基酚废水的有效方法。选用QH-1为萃取剂，采用HL离心萃取器对含对硝基酚废水的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，对于对硝基酚硝酸溶液-QH-1体系，对硝基酚的分配比是1103．4，用Φ20mmHL离心萃取器处理对硝基酚废水时，在合适的操作条件下，单级传质级效率E和三级串联萃取率ρ都可达99％以上，三级串联的反萃率也可达98％以上。     

Relation of hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A level in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and its correlation with cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) protein levels in Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were exposed through a water column to BaP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L, respectively) or were treated with intraperitoneal injections of BaP (0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively) every 7 d. The results showed that after 25 d of waterborne exposure to 1000 ng/L BaP, fish hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity were significantly induced. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered 7 d after second ip injections, whereas, CYP1A protein levels were increased. Dose-dependent increase of biliary BaP metabolites demonstrated that the catalytic activity of CYP1A was induced by treatment with BaP. The lowest observable effect concentration with regard to biliary BaP metabolites (100 ng/L) was much lower than that with reference to EROD activity (1000 ng/L). The results suggest that biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were shown to better reflect the contamination gradients of PAHs than EROD activity. It appeared to be necessary to measure CYP1A protein levels to complement the EROD activity in relevant toxicological assessments.     

1-Tridecene—male-produced sex pheromone of the tenebrionid beetle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parastizopus transgariepinus</Emphasis>

Males of the genus Parastizopus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exhibit a special pheromone-emitting behaviour. They do a headstand, expose the aedeagus and remain in this posture for a few seconds. The pheromone emitted by P. transgariepinus was collected by solid-phase micro-extraction (100 microm polydimethylsiloxane fibre) and identified as 1-tridecene by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Presumably, this compound originates from the aedeagal gland, a special feature in Parastizopus, as 1-tridecene is the main compound in the gland reservoirs (23.6+/-3.8%), accompanied by various less volatile fatty acid esters (25.2+/-2.0%) and hydrocarbons (51.2+/-5.7%). 1-Tridecene is also part of the pygidial defensive secretion of both sexes, together with other 1-alkenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons and 1,4-benzoquinones, but as none of these other compounds was detected during calling, the pygidial gland could be ruled out as pheromone source. Extracts of the aedeagal gland reservoirs and the pygidial defensive secretion contained comparable amounts of 1-tridecene, 1.24+/-0.41 and 1.88+/-0.54 microg/male, respectively. Chemo-orientation experiments using a servosphere showed that 1 microg of 1-tridecene was attractive to females but not to males.     

Rat cardiomyocyte H9c2(2-1)-based sulforhodamine B assay as a promising in vitro method to assess the biological component of effluent toxicity

The treatment of wastewaters is crucial to maintain the ecological status of receiving waters, and thereby guarantee the protection of aquatic life and human health. Wastewater quality evaluation is conventionally based on physicochemical parameters, but increasing attention has been paid to integrate physicochemical and biological data. Nevertheless, the regulatory use of fish in biological testing methods has been subject to various ethical and cost concerns, and in vitro cell-based assays have thus become an important topic of interest. Hence, the present study intends: (a) to evaluate the efficiency of two different sample pre-concentration techniques (lyophilisation and solid phase extraction) to assess the toxicity of municipal effluents on rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells, and (b) maximizing the use of the effluent sample collected, to estimate the environmental condition of the receiving environment. The gathered results demonstrate that the H9c2(2-1) sulforhodamine B-based assay is an appropriate in vitro method to assess biological effluent toxicity, and the best results were attained by lyophilising the sample as pre-treatment. Due to its response, the H9c2(2-1) cell line might be a possible alternative in vitro model for fish lethal testing to assess the toxicity of municipal effluents. The physicochemical status of the sample suggests a high potential for eutrophication, and iron exceeded the permissible level for wastewater discharge, possibly due to the addition of ferric chloride for wastewater treatment. In general, the levels of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole are higher than those reported for other countries, and both surpassed the aquatic protective values for long-term exposure.     

大气PM2.5及高脂饮食对哮喘发病影响的研究进展

大气PM_2.5暴露与呼吸系统疾病密切相关,高脂饮食是哮喘的诱因之一.近年来,哮喘发病率在我国呈上升趋势.对大气PM_2.5、高脂饮食及二者协同作用对哮喘发病的影响进行探讨,为哮喘的干预和治疗提供新思路.总结了PM_2.5暴露与高脂饮食对哮喘的影响以及哮喘的发病机制:①颗粒物暴露可引发机体炎症反应,增加哮喘发病风险;②高脂饮食可通过代谢活化机体内免疫相关信号通路,导致炎症发生;③二者均会通过MyD88/TLRs信号通路和Th1/Th2机制对哮喘炎症产生影响.研究显示,PM_2.5与高脂饮食对哮喘的作用机制具有一致性,二者对人群的健康影响可能具有协同作用.      

利用比较转录组分析克雷白氏肺炎杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae Tzyx1)降解多环芳烃特性

从浙江省台州市固体废弃物拆解场某污染土壤中分离得到一株克雷白氏杆菌(Klebsiellapneumoniae Tzyx1)具有较强的降解多环芳烃的能力.本研究利用c DNA文库构建和转录组测序的方法分别对纯培养和多环芳烃胁迫培养的克雷白氏杆菌进行分析和比较.比较转录组分析通过比较克雷白氏杆菌正常培养和多环芳烃胁迫培养条件下的2个样品,得到254个差异表达基因(FDR≤0.05).为了确定纯培养与多环芳烃胁迫状态下的克雷白氏菌的降解机制是否一致,本研究利用荧光定量的方法对差异基因表达进行验证.本研究为下一步克雷白氏杆菌对多环芳烃降解的研究提供有价值的数据支持,同时也会有助于降解基因的功能研究.     

河北香河亚微米气溶胶组分特性、来源及其演变规律分析

霾的形成发展与细颗粒物化学组分变化紧密相关.本文利用颗粒物化学组分监测仪(ACSM)、黑碳仪等对河北香河夏季亚微米气溶胶(PM1)化学组分、来源及其演变规律进行详细分析.结果表明,PM1平均占到PM2.5的约71%,PM1主要分布在20~80μg·m-3间;观测期间有显著的秸秆燃烧事件,秸秆燃烧时段PM1质量浓度显著升高,其中有机物质量分数迅速升高,平均约占到47%;秸秆燃烧使得大气气溶胶由弱碱性转变为弱酸性;整个观测期间,正交矩阵因子分解法(PMF)共识别出4类有机气溶胶,分别为两种一次有机气溶胶(类烃类有机气溶胶和生物质燃烧有机气溶胶)和两种二次有机气溶胶(低挥发、高氧化性的有机气溶胶和低氧化、半挥发性的有机气溶胶),有机气溶胶氧化程度较高.其中二次有机气溶胶的贡献远大于一次有机气溶胶,平均占到有机物的~69%,而去除秸秆燃烧时段后PMF结果中未解析出生物质燃烧有机气溶胶.     

节杆菌P-1和红球菌J-5降解PVA特性的比较研究

对节杆菌P-1和红球菌J-5降解聚乙烯醇(PVA)的特性进行了比较研究.结果表明,P-1菌在PVA浓度小于1000mgL-1时,PVA降解效率均达到80%以上;J-5菌在PVA浓度为2000mgL-1时,PVA降解效率达到70%.用生产废水进行试验,P-1菌对低浓度PVA废水的处理效率比J-5菌高10%左右;P-1菌受温度的影响小于J-5菌;P-1菌的废水处理效果比J-5菌稳定;分段使用J-5菌与P-1菌处理高浓度的PVA废水具有很好的处理效果,出水能达到国家排放标准.图7表1参9     

Degradation of the herbicide imazapyr by Fenton reactions

The degradation of the herbicide imazapyr has been carried out by three advanced oxidation processes involving iron ions as catalysts: Fentons reagent, photo-Fenton and electro-Fenton. We show that all processes are rapid and efficient. The kinetic rate constant was found to be k=5.4×10⁹ M^–1 s^–1. The mineralization of imazapyr is almost complete using the photo-Fenton and electro-Fenton processes.     

青霉菌对活性艳蓝 KN-R的吸附作用

研究了青霉菌(Penicillium X5)对活性艳蓝KN—R的吸附作用．通过对培养液的波谱分析和宏观现象的观察，结果表明，在72h内，脱色是由吸附引起的．当染料的浓度为100mg/L时，活菌体对染料的吸附率可达88．66％．本实验还研究了对实际应用和吸附过程有影响的几个因素，包括葡萄糖、NaCl、温度和pH.结果表明：葡萄糖浓度在0-20g／L时，随着葡萄糖浓度的增加，菌体的干重相应增加，说明对活性艳蓝KN—R的吸附具有促进作用，但浓度在10-20g／L时，吸附作用不显著；而随着NaCl浓度(0-2％)的增加，吸附率却显著降低．最佳脱色温度为25℃，pH为4．0．活菌体与死菌体的生物吸附均符合Langmuir方程，活菌体比死菌体具有更好的吸附性能．吸附在菌丝体上的染料可以用甲酵进行洗脱，菌丝球在下次使用前用蒸馏水冲洗至pH中性，此菌丝球可重复使用3次．固8表2参11