吸油烟机油烟捕集和空气性能的模拟与试验研究

应用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟吸油烟机油烟捕集和空气性能,捕集结果和测量基本吻合。改滤网为分离器,使烟机油脂分离度和分离器占烟机分离度提高2.3%和15.8%,减少叶轮和蜗壳的清洗。计算的风量和功率与实验结果的误差分别为18.9%和8.4%。提出改进机箱空间,并采用空心叶轮和蜗壳后盖板挖槽方案。     

Culture as trigger for sustainability transition in the water domain: the case of the Spanish water policy and the Ebro river basin

There is a mounting body of literature dealing generally with the dynamics of transitions of human systems towards sustainability and specifically with the different stages and processes of transitions. However, the question of why transition processes occur in the first place remains largely unexplained. This paper explores the concept of transition triggers, such as culture or material resource scarcity, and provides a theoretical framework to explain the emergence of a transition and its relation to recent developments in Spanish water policy. We adapt the general framework provided by current transition theory and gather empirical evidence and insights from processes occurring within the Spanish policy context and the Ebro river basin in particular. Our results show that the sole existence of biophysical limits to water use or development cannot explain the start of a possible sustainability transition in this domain in Spain. Changes in the existing water policies in the direction of sustainability were not ignited by people directly affected by water scarcities but by a coalition of sensitive agents, mostly from academia, NGOs and local constituencies, who managed to articulate new identities, integrate multiple sources of policy relevant knowledge, and develop new values under the umbrella of the new water culture movement.

某单井站场管道积液及腐蚀特性研究*

为应对湿天然气管道存在的明显积液,导致管材腐蚀,目前经验性的检测点选择方式导致检测成本和工作量过大问题。基于某单井站场工况条件和现场壁厚检测数据,针对站场主管线,采用Fluent软件建模分析管线内液相分布规律。结果表明:含液率大小随原料气含水量、流量、压力的变化而呈正相关变化,运用Correl函数对现场壁厚检测数据和模拟结果进行对比验证,发现两者的相关度达到0.61以上,这为现场合理选择腐蚀检测点提供依据,降低了现场检测工作量和检测成本。     

Evaluation of CFD simulations of transient pool fire burning rates

Fire is the most commonly occurring major accident hazard in the chemical and process industries, with industry accident statistics highlighting the liquid pool fire as the most frequent fire event. Modelling of such phenomena feeds heavily into industry risk assessment and consequence analyses. Traditional simple empirical equations cannot account for the full range of factors influencing pool fire behaviour or increasingly complex plant design. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling enables a greater understanding of pool fire behaviour to be gained numerically and provides the capability to deal with complex scenarios.This paper presents an evaluation of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for predictive modelling of liquid pool fire burning rates. Specifically, the work examines the ability of the model to predict temporal variations in the burning rate of open atmosphere pool fires. Fires ranging from 0.4 to 4 m in diameter, involving ethanol and a range of liquid hydrocarbons as fuels, are considered and comparisons of predicted fuel mass loss rates are compared to experimental measurements.The results show that the liquid pyrolysis sub-model in FDS gives consistent model performance for fully predictive modelling of liquid pool fire burning rates, particularly during quasi-steady burning. However, the model falls short of predicting the subtleties associated with each phase of the transient burning process, failing to reliably predict fuel mass loss rates during fire growth and extinction. The results suggest a range of model modifications which could lead to improved prediction of the transient fire growth and extinction phases of burning for liquid pool fires, specifically, investigation of: ignition modelling techniques for high boiling temperature liquid fuels; a combustion regime combining both infinite and finite-rate chemistry; a solution method which accounts for two- or three-dimensional heat conduction effects in the liquid-phase; alternative surrogate fuel compositions for multi-component hydrocarbon fuels; and modification of the solution procedure used at the liquid-gas interface during fire extinction.     

微通道中电场作用下的液滴生成过程研究

利用数值模拟方法对电场作用下的十字型微通道中的液滴生成过程开展了研究,通过CLSVOF耦合模型和电磁流体模型考察了液滴生成不同阶段的形态演变及速度、压强分布规律,分析了液滴断裂的生长、挤压和断裂机制。研究结果有助于加深对微通道中多相流动、特别是电场的影响效果的理解,为微反应器设计与控制提供理论指导与数据支撑。     

感潮河网降雨径流污染空间分析与模拟

为了探究茅洲河流域感潮河网面源污染空间分布特征和降雨径流污染规律,基于空间分析、统计分析与流域水动力-水质耦合模拟方法,对典型降雨情景下河网水质情况进行模拟分析,提出基于水质改善目标的生态补水点位空间布局优化策略.研究表明,层次聚类凝聚算法和K-均值法迭代组合可以较好地实现面源污染分级与分类;茅洲河各支流中,石岩渠、松岗河中上游等河道（段）由于面源污染负荷相对较高且缺乏生态补水,雨后水质恢复缓慢;基于补水总量不变原则,对生态补水方案进行局部优化,优化结果可使雨后受污染重点河道（段）水质恢复速度加快一倍以上,提高了流域水质的整体稳定性.研究结论可为进一步认识茅洲河流域水污染特征、实现流域水环境精细化管理提供支撑.     

Detection and visualization of storm hydrograph changes under urbanization: an impulse response approach

Urbanization often alters catchment storm responses, with a broad range of potentially significant environmental and engineering consequences. At a practical, site-specific management level, efficient and effective assessment and control of such downstream impacts requires a technical capability to rapidly identify development-induced storm hydrograph changes. The method should also speak specifically to alteration of internal watershed dynamics, require few resources to implement, and provide results that are intuitively accessible to all watershed stakeholders. In this short paper, we propose a potential method which might satisfy these criteria. Our emphasis lies upon the integration of existing concepts to provide tools for pragmatic, relatively low-cost environmental monitoring and management. The procedure involves calibration of rainfall-runoff time-series models in each of several successive time windows, which sample varying degrees of watershed urbanization. As implemented here, only precipitation and stream discharge or stage data are required. The readily generated unit impulse response functions of these time-series models might then provide a mathematically formal, yet visually based and intuitive, representation of changes in watershed storm response. Nominally, the empirical response functions capture such changes as soon as they occur, and the assessments of storm hydrograph alteration are independent of variability in meteorological forcing. We provide a preliminary example of how the technique may be applied using a low-order linear ARX model. The technique may offer a fresh perspective on such watershed management issues, and potentially also several advantages over existing approaches. Substantial further testing is required before attempting to apply the concept as a practical environmental management technique; some possible directions for additional work are suggested.     

湿法烟气脱硫系统中折板式除雾器性能的数值模拟

采用CFD软件对湿法烟气脱硫系统中广泛使用的折板式除雾器的主要性能进行了数值模拟。建立了数学模型,对气体相采用基于雷诺时均方程的SST ｋ-ω湍流模型封闭N-S方程,对液滴相采用基于Euler-Lagrange的DPM方法。通过调节除雾器的结构参数和工作参数,揭示了气液两相流动的流场,分析了结构参数对除雾器分离效率和工作压力降的影响,可用于湿法烟气脱硫系统中折板式除雾器的设计和优化。     

湿法脱硫塔内流场温场的CFD分析

利用Fluent软件对脱硫塔内速度场和温度场进行三维数值模拟，并对模拟结果进行较全面的分析。选择k-ε模型作为计算模型，用SIMPLE算法进行计算。计算结果表明脱硫塔形状及喷淋层高度对流场与温场有很大的影响，实际运行中应当低层喷淋与高层喷淋相结合，从而获得更好的脱硫效果。运用CFD理论，对脱硫塔内运行情况进行数值分析，对于脱硫塔的设计和优化具有一定的指导意义。