北京铁路局降雨量远程实时监测系统的研究与开发——系统软件及性能指标

为北京铁路局各级防洪指挥部门 ,在汛期能够实时掌握所辖铁路范围内的降雨量情况 ,实现主动防洪 ,并做好铁路抗洪抢险准备工作 ,确保汛期铁路行车安全 ,笔者研究和开发了北京铁路局“降雨量远程实时监测系统”。概要介绍了系统软件的运行环境、数据库设计、系统功能以及系统达到的技术性能指标 ;重点分析了系统软件中数据的传输 ,以地理信息系统为平台的实时动态显示以及实时数据在Internet网上的发布技术 ;同时给出了系统在北京铁路局的应用案例     

An IT perspective on integrated environmental modelling: The SIAT case

Policy makers have a growing interest in integrated assessments of policies. The Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) community is reacting to this interest by extending the application of model development from pure scientific analysis towards application in decision making or policy context by giving tools a higher capability for analysis targeted at non-experts, but intelligent users. Many parties are involved in the construction of such tools including modellers, domain experts and tool users, resulting in as many views on the proposed tool. During tool development research continues which leads to advanced understanding of the system and may alter early specifications. Accumulation of changes to the initial design obscures the design, usually vastly increasing the number of defects in the software. The software engineering community uses concepts, methods and practices to deal with ambiguous specifications, changing requirements and incompletely conceived visions, and to design and develop maintainable/extensible quality software. The aim of this paper is to introduce modellers to software engineering concepts and methods which have the potential to improve model and tool development using experiences from the development of the Sustainability Impact Assessment Tool. These range from choosing a software development methodology for planning activities and coordinating people, technical design principles impacting maintainability, quality and reusability of the software to prototyping and user involvement. It is argued that adaptive development methods seem to best fit research projects, that typically have unclear upfront and changing requirements. The break-down of a system into elements that overlap as little as possible in features and behaviour helps to divide the work across teams and to achieve a modular and flexible system. However, this must be accompanied by proper automated testing methods and automated continuous integration of the elements. Prototypes, screen sketches and mock-ups are useful to align the different views, build a shared vision of required functionality and to match expectations.     

浅议SaaS模式环境监测信息化建设的可行性

基于国内环境监测行业信息化建设的现状,针对SaaS模式在该领域的应用做可行性分析。介绍了SaaS模式与传统ASP模式的区别,探讨了SaaS模式给环境监测信息化建设带来的选择与机遇,以及其满足各层次多用户需求、实现服务个性化定制、具备快速扩展和恢复能力等优势。结合现阶段环境监测信息化建设采用SaaS模式在政策体制、业务实现、信息技术方面所面临的问题,提出了相应的建议。     

工业企业环境保护微机管理系统

详细介绍了工业企业环境保护微机管理系统（ＧＨ－Ａ系统）的运行程序、系统构成、应用环境、功能及其特点。通过对分布在国内１４个 省、市、自治区的近５０家大中型企业失使用和效益分析后证明,该系统结构科学合理,设计新颖,易于掌握和操作。为提高企业环境管理的现代化水平,推动企业环境管理向规范化、制度化、科学化发展,应广泛推广该系统的运用。     

环境监理计算机管理信息系统的软件规划

在对各种环保监理工作调研的基础上,了解环境监理机构的主要职责,并对软件的功能模块进行划分为软件的开发和编程提供了技术及工作总线。     

An overview to CERSSO's self evaluation of the cost-benefit on the investment in occupational safety and health in the textile factories: "a step by step methodology"

INTRODUCTION: The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and CERSSO collaborated to develop a new Tool Kit (TK), which became available in May 2002. PAHO already had a TK in place, and CERSSO requested that one be developed for their needs. CERSSO wanted to enable managers and line workers in garment factories to self-diagnose plant and workstation hazards and to estimate the costs and benefits of investing in occupational safety and health (OSH) as a way to improve productivity and competitiveness. METHODS: For consistency, the collaborating organizations agreed to construct the TK according to PAHO's methodology. The instrument was developed to be comprehensive enough that any user can collect the data easily. It integrates epidemiologic, risk assessment, clinic, engineering, and accountability issues, organized to include step-by-step training in: (a) performing risk assessments in the workplaces (risk factors); (b) making cause-effect relationships; (c) improving decision making on OSH interventions; (d) doing calculations of direct and indirect costs and savings; and (e) doing calculation of the overall cost-benefit of OSH interventions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Since July 2002, about 2,400 employees and officials from 736 garment factories, Ministries of Labor, Health, Social Security Institutes, and Technical Training Institutions of Central America and the Dominican Republic have used this instrument. Systematically, they have calculated a positive relationship of the investment (3 to 33 times). Employers are now aware of the financial rewards of investing in OSH. The TK is available in Spanish, Korean, and English. In July 2003, a software program in Spanish and English was developed (180 persons have been trained in the region), which requires less time to execute with better reliability.     

办公自动化技术及其在环境保护领域中的应用

简要介绍了办公自动化的特点以及在环境保护领域中的具体应用。     

总线类测试系统的技术现状及发展方向

归纳了当前测试系统的主流总线架构形式,对当前各种总线架构的测试系统性能及应用进行了分析,同时对当前测试系统的主要软件设计技术现状进行研究。在此基础上,提出了未来复杂测试系统研制的主要方向,要满足未来复杂测试任务需求,应加大应用LXI总线构建大型高精度混合型分布式测试系统。硬件方面,将VXI/PXI/PXI-E/PCI-E/USB3.0总线进行组网集成,满足大型应用测试中低速、高速、高精度的数据采集与传输测试需求;软件方面,应按照行业标准需求,研制功能完备、满足特定行业应用的软件系统。     

A methodology for optimal MSW management,with an application in the waste transportation of Attica Region,Greece

The paper describes a software system capable of formulating alternative optimal Municipal Solid Wastes (MSWs) management plans, each of which meets a set of constraints that may reflect selected objections and/or wishes of local communities. The objective function to be minimized in each plan is the sum of the annualized capital investment and annual operating cost of all transportation, treatment and final disposal operations involved, taking into consideration the possible income from the sale of products and any other financial incentives or disincentives that may exist. For each plan formulated, the system generates several reports that define the plan, analyze its cost elements and yield an indicative profile of selected types of installations, as well as data files that facilitate the geographic representation of the optimal solution in maps through the use of GIS. A number of these reports compare the technical and economic data from all scenarios considered at the study area, municipality and installation level constituting in effect sensitivity analysis. The generation of alternative plans offers local authorities the opportunity of choice and the results of the sensitivity analysis allow them to choose wisely and with consensus.The paper presents also an application of this software system in the capital Region of Attica in Greece, for the purpose of developing an optimal waste transportation system in line with its approved waste management plan. The formulated plan was able to: (a) serve 113 Municipalities and Communities that generate nearly 2 million t/y of comingled MSW with distinctly different waste collection patterns, (b) take into consideration several existing waste transfer stations (WTS) and optimize their use within the overall plan, (c) select the most appropriate sites among the potentially suitable (new and in use) ones, (d) generate the optimal profile of each WTS proposed, and (e) perform sensitivity analysis so as to define the impact of selected sets of constraints (limitations in the availability of sites and in the capacity of their installations) on the design and cost of the ensuing optimal waste transfer system. The results show that optimal planning offers significant economic savings to municipalities, while reducing at the same time the present levels of traffic, fuel consumptions and air emissions in the congested Athens basin.     

Is software sustainability considered in the CSR of software industry?

Software is a key factor in the functioning of today’s world. Software is supposed to have some characteristics such as: reliability, security, etc., but it is not at all easy to find energy efficiency considered as being one of software’s most important features. Aspects related to Green Software have begun to be considered vital and basic, due to pressure from a society which is becoming more and more aware of environmental problems. In this paper we want to explore whether software companies, responsible for developing software, are aligning their strategies with environmental concerns. To do so, we have checked the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies of the ten most important software companies and looked at these documents with reference to the UN’s sustainable development goals. A well-defined method for carrying out the analysis of the CSR policies led the authors to identify which of the sustainability actions proposed can be classified within any of the software sustainability dimensions. The analysis of these actions shows that sustainability is considered in most of the companies; nonetheless, most attention is currently devoted to hardware-based initiatives intended to reduce the carbon footprint of the hardware resources of the companies. In addition, green software initiatives are still not the priority, despite the influence of software on energy consumption, and in spite of its impact on the environment. Using the set of actions selected, a set of specific actions for software sustainability, to be included in the CSR of software companies, has been defined.