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221.
利用嗜酸性硫杆菌的生物产酸作用处理洗毛废水 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用洗毛废水在低pH条件下,有机物絮凝沉降的特点,通过嗜酸性硫杆菌(Acidophilic thiobacillus)的产酸作用降低体系pH,破坏废水固有的稳定性,改变有机物的亲水性能,实现固液分离,达到去除COD的目的.试验结果表明,生物产酸作用能有效地去除废水COD,改善其脱水性能.当体系pH降至3.00, COD去除率达到最大值91.4%,处理后的废水有很好的机械脱水和沉降性能,比阻从大于9.81×1013 m·kg-1降至5.60×1011 m·kg-1.而对照处理在整个培养期内,未发生明显的改变,仅有20%的COD被去除.本研究为油脂含量高、难被生物利用的有机废水提供了一条新的处理方法. 相似文献
222.
Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification
and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
An UASB+Anoxic/Oxic (A/O) system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^+-N loading rate (ALR) of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^+-N/(m^3-d) and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^+-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^+-N/(m^3.d), the NH4^+-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^+-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^+-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^+-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population. 相似文献
223.
Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines.To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches,nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1,5 and 10 mg/L.Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range.Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level,the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria(PDB)and heterotrophic bacteria (HB),and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate.Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L(NO_3-N)group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB;while in 1 mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%,and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients.Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable,lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency (70.5%) compared to 5 mg/L group.Furthermore,it would need more NO_3-N(0.371 mg)to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group(0.197 mg).In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to 1 and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines. 相似文献
224.
总量控制是控制污染源发展趋势、改善环境质量、实现经济社会可持续发展的重要途径,如何在适度公平的基础上寻求环境、经济、技术、资源等整体最优是环境科学领域的研究课题。本文以工业城市苏州市为例,研究其工业化学需氧量的排放特征,以基尼系数法分行业对其工业化学需氧量排放量的公平性进行评价,并将总量控制与资源、社会和经济相联系,以行业经济效益最大化和增加治理投资费用最小化为目标,利用多目标行业总量优化分配模型对苏州市的工业化学需氧量排放总量进行优化分配。研究结果表明,纺织业、化学原料及化学制品制造业、能源和水的生产与供应业、造纸及木材加工、医药制造业等行业是苏州市的化学需氧量重点排放行业,经优化分配后,COD排放总量削减了10%,新鲜用水量减少了41.81%,行业年总产值增幅达到214.69%,资源和水环境容量在满足一定的经济增长速度的条件下实现优化配置,总量控制制度在市场经济体制下发挥出尽可能大的环境效益和经济效益。 相似文献
225.
Cu^2+和Zn^2+是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子。在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,研究了金属离子Cu^2+和Zn^2+在0~100mg/L浓度下对活性污泥生物脱氮系统的影响。试验发现Cu^2+>5mg/L、Zn^2+>30mg/L时,对硝化过程具有明显的抑制作用,在同样浓度的试验条件下cu“对硝化过程的抑制作用比Zn^2+大。Cu^2+≤0.5mg/L时对反硝化过程具有一定的促进作用,有助于提高TN的去除效果;Cu^2+>0.5mg/L时,对反硝化产生抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,TN去除率逐渐下降。Zn^2+不影响反硝化过程,仅在大于30mg/L时,对硝化过程产生抑制作用。重金属Cu^2+对生物脱氮系统的影响明显强于Zn^2+。 相似文献
226.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by Nitrosomonas spp. and anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lek Noophan P Sripiboon S Damrongsri M Munakata-Marr J 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):967-972
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was inoculated with mixed nitrifying bacteria from an anoxic tank at the conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Nongkhaem, Bangkok, Thailand. This enriched nitrifying culture was maintained under anaerobic conditions using ammonium (NH(4)(+)) as an electron donor and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) as an electron acceptor. Autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria survived under these conditions. The enrichment period for anammox culture was over 100 days. Both ammonium and nitrite conversion rates were proportional to the biomass of ammonium oxidizing bacteria; rates were 0.08 g N/gV SS/d and 0.05 g N/g VSS/d for ammonium and nitrite, respectively, in a culture maintained for 3 months at 42 mg N/L ammonium. The nitrogen transformation rate at a ratio of NH(4)(+)-N to NO(2)(-)-N of 1:1.38 was faster, and effluent nitrogen levels were lower, than at ratios of 1:0.671, 1:2.18, and 1:3.05. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify specific autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas spp., Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis). The ammonium oxidizing culture maintained at 42 mg N/L ammonium was enriched for Nitrosomonas spp. (30%) over Candidati B. anammoxidans and K. stuttgartiensis (2.1%) while the culture maintained at 210 mg N/L ammonium was dominated by Candidati B. anammoxidans and K. stuttgartiensis (85.6%). The specific nitrogen removal rate of anammox bacteria (0.6 g N/g anammox VSS/d) was significantly higher than that of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (0.4 g N/g Nitrosomonas VSS/d). Anammox bacteria removed up to 979 mg N/L/d of total nitrogen (ammonium:nitrite concentrations, 397:582 mg N/L). These results suggest significant promise of this approach for application to wastewater with high nitrogen but low carbon content, such as that found in Bangkok. 相似文献
227.
Biosorption of nickel(II) from aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger: Response surface methodology and isotherm study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present study, the effects of biosorbent Aspergillus niger dosage, initial solution pH and initial Ni(II) concentration on the uptake of Ni(II) by NaOH pretreated biomass of A. niger from aqueous solution were investigated. Batch experiments were carried out in order to model and optimize the biosorption process. The influence of three parameters on the uptake of Ni(II) was described using a response surface methodology (RSM) as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Optimum Ni(II) uptake of 4.82 mg Ni(II) g−1 biomass (70.30%) was achieved at pH 6.25, biomass dosage of 2.98 g L−1 and initial Ni(II) concentration of 30.00 mg L−1 Ni(II). Langmuir and Freundlich were able to describe the biosorption isotherm fairly well. However, prediction of Ni(II) biosorption using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was relatively poor in comparison with RSM approaches. The biosorption mechanism was also investigated by using Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) analysis of untreated, NaOH pretreated, and Ni(II) loaded A. niger biomass. 相似文献
228.
A.O. Babatunde Y.Q. Zhao M.A. Morris 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(10):2830-2836
Aluminium-based water treatment residual (Al-WTR) is the most widely generated residual from water treatment facilities worldwide. It is regarded as a by-product of no reuse potential and landfilled. This study assessed Al-WTR as potential phosphate-removing substrate in engineered wetlands. Results indicate specific surface area ranged from 28.0 m2 g−1 to 41.4 m2 g−1. X-ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopes all indicate Al-WTR is mainly composed of amorphous aluminium which influences its phosphorus (P) adsorption capacity. The pH and electrical conductivity ranged from 5.9 to 6.0 and 0.104 dS m−1 to 0.140 dS m−1 respectively, showing that it should support plant growth. Batch tests showed adsorption maxima of 31.9 mg P g−1 and significant P removal was achieved in column tests. Overall, results showed that Al-WTR can be used for P removal in engineered wetlands and it carries the benefits of reuse of a by-product that promotes sustainability. 相似文献
229.
230.
聚合氯化铝铁去除微污染水体中藻类的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
以聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)为絮凝剂,H2O2为预氧化剂,用正交实验研究了PAFC处理微污染水体中藻类和降低浊度,得出正交实验中各因素的主次关系及对除藻和除浊度的影响,研究表明,ρPAFC是影响除藻和除浊度的重要因素.在最佳处理条件,即ρPAFC为20 mg/L,ρH2O2为6 mg/L,pH为7,搅拌时间为4 min,能使水体中藻细胞街度从9.4×107 cells/L降至3.16×106 cells/L,除藻率为96.6%,浊度降至0.70 NTU,除浊度率达93.0%. 相似文献