喷雾塔中氨水吸收CO2的速率

为考察氨水细喷雾吸收CO2的能力,对喷雾塔中氨水细喷雾吸收CO2的反应过程进行了实验研究,测定了氨水吸收CO2的速率.实验结果表明,CO2的吸收速率随着氨水浓度、气体流量的升高而明显增大,随氨水流量升高也有所增加,CO2的吸收速率随CO2进口浓度的升高呈线性增加.当喷雾塔中温度低于40℃时,CO2的吸收速率随着塔内温度...     

碳源强化对人工湿地反硝化过程的影响研究

反硝化是人工湿地去除硝酸盐氮的主要机制,高含氮污水中低碳氮比是导致脱氮效果低的主要原因.研究了添加碳源对人工湿地反硝化过程的强化效果,结果表明,外界温度对湿地内的反硝化影响不大,而碳源则是重要的影响因素,对湿地投加碳源可以显著提高湿地的硝氮去除能力,在进水硝氮浓度25～45mg.L-1,24h水力停留时间的条件下,投加...     

Carbon labelling of grocery products: public perceptions and potential emissions reductions

Public perceptions of a UK carbon labelling trial were assessed via three focus groups. The public found it very difficult to make sense of labelled emissions values without additional information. There was also little evidence of a willingness to use labels for product selection. There is a strong case for using carbon reduction labels to indicate a programme of on-going emissions reductions, rather than expecting consumers to incentivise emissions reductions by actively choosing the lower carbon variant of two or more products. The normalisation issues and emissions reduction potential of carbon labelling are discussed.     

四氯化碳显色法测定溶解氧

本文介绍了一种测定溶解氧的新方法。此方法快速、准确、分析结果直观、适合应急监测。     

Development of novel absorbents for CO2 capture from blast furnace gas

In order to establish energy-saving technology for CO₂ capture from blast furnace gas, novel absorbents were developed in the laboratory and evaluated at a 1 t_CO2/d test plant. At first, CO₂ absorption and desorption behaviors of single-component amine solvents for simulated blast furnace gas (CO₂/N₂ = 20%/80%) were investigated through a screening test using a small scrubbing bottle. These amine solvents were additionally analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) spectroscopy and reaction calorimetry. The results of the laboratory experiments showed that there was a trade-off between absorption rate and enthalpy of absorption but some absorbents had unique features. For example, 2-isopropylaminoethanol (IPAE) had high absorption rate and small enthalpy of absorption. Then, new IPAE-based amine solvents (RITE solvents: RITE-A and RITE-B) were formulated and evaluated at the 1 t_CO2/d test plant. CO₂ regeneration energies of the RITE solvents were 3.3 and 3.1 GJ/t_CO2, respectively. With certain process conditions and plant specifications optimized, RITE-B was estimated to have the potential to achieve 2.5 GJ/t_CO2.     

Fragmentation drives tropical forest fragments to early successional states: A modelling study for Brazilian Atlantic forests

Land use leads to massive habitat destruction and fragmentation in tropical forests. Despite its global dimensions the effects of fragmentation on ecosystem dynamics are not well understood due to the complexity of the problem. We present a simulation analysis performed by the individual-based model FORMIND. The model was applied to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one of the world's biodiversity hot spots, at the Plateau of São Paulo. This study investigates the long-term effects of fragmentation processes on structure and dynamics of different sized remnant tropical forest fragments (1-100 ha) at community and plant functional type (PFT) level. We disentangle the interplay of single effects of different key fragmentation processes (edge mortality, increased mortality of large trees, local seed loss and external seed rain) using simulation experiments in a full factorial design.Our analysis reveals that particularly small forest fragments below 25 ha suffer substantial structural changes, biomass and biodiversity loss in the long term. At community level biomass is reduced up to 60%. Two thirds of the mid- and late-successional species groups, especially shade-tolerant (late successional climax) species groups are prone of extinction in small fragments. The shade-tolerant species groups were most strongly affected; its tree number was reduced more than 60% mainly by increased edge mortality. This process proved to be the most powerful of those investigated, explaining alone more than 80% of the changes observed for this group. External seed rain was able to compensate approximately 30% of the observed fragmentation effects for shade-tolerant species.Our results suggest that tropical forest fragments will suffer strong structural changes in the long term, leading to tree species impoverishment. They may reach a new equilibrium with a substantially reduced subset of the initial species pool, and are driven towards an earlier successional state. The natural regeneration potential of a landscape scattered with forest fragments appears to be limited, as external seed rain is not able to fully compensate for the observed fragmentation-induced changes. Our findings suggest basic recommendations for the management of fragmented tropical forest landscapes.     

A comprehensive set of resource use indicators from the micro to the macro level

Many of today's most urgent environmental problems arise from increasing volumes of worldwide production and consumption and the associated use of natural resources, including renewable and non-renewable raw materials, energy, water and land. Solid indicators to measure different dimensions of anthropogenic resource use are essential for designing appropriate policy measures for a sustainable management of these resources. Based on a brief review of the current state of the art of resource use indicators, this paper suggests a new set of complementary resource use indicators, combining existing measures for resource use. The suggested indicator set covers the core resource input categories of materials, water and land area and includes the output category of greenhouse gas emissions. This set can be applied consistently from the micro level of products and companies up to the macro level of countries and world regions. All suggested indicators take a life-cycle wide perspective on production and consumption activities. This set of indicators deals with the issue of the overall scale of the human production and consumption system. It can be regarded as the general indicator framework, based on which more specific indicators, for example, on different environmental impacts related to natural resource use, can be calculated.     

再生水甲醇投加成本运算

再生水资源是水资源的一种特殊形式,它的价格是影响污水回用的重要因素之一。再生水价格有多种形式,其中甲醇的投加是一笔不小的成本。以污水处理厂二级出水为水源进行深度处理以实现污水资源化的过程中,存在着总氮含量高、有机物含量低的水质特点。再生水处理中反硝化阶段需要有机物,也就是碳源。碳源影响脱氮效果,投加甲醇为外碳源可以促进反硝化水平。     

陕西省建设用地增长与碳排放变化的相关分析

通过分析2002~2011年间陕西省建设用地和碳排放的变化,基于LMDI模型分解方法,探讨了10年间建设用地变化对碳排放增长的影响。结果表明:研究时序内,陕西省建设用地和碳排放量均呈增长态势,建设用地年扩展率1.25%,碳排放年均增长8.84%,建设用地变化与碳排放量正向效应显著,建设用地对碳排放的贡献度为12.36%,对建设用地采取总量控制原则,能有效控制碳排放量,对陕西省实现"十二五"期间碳减排目标具有重大意义。     

我国碳储工程环境影响机理及其评价体系研究

在CO2的理化性质及其危险和碳储项目工程分析的基础上,将我国碳储工程划分建设期、运营期、场地关闭及闭场后3大阶段,给出不同阶段工程分析的重点内容。同时,研究与总结了我国碳储工程对地下水、土壤、生态植被和大气等环境影响及其机理,并构建我国深部咸水层CO2地质储存环境影响评价指标体系。该评价体系分为储存场地特征指标类、干扰地质环境指标类、环境容量指标类、生态影响指标类4个层次,为完善我国碳储工程环境影响评价提供依据。