残留碳分选方法的现状及展望

描述了残留碳的形貌及特征 ,介绍了现有的各种残留碳分选方法 ,分别探讨了各种方法的优势及局限 ,并对残留碳分选方法的发展趋势进行了展望     

活性炭吸附法脱除烟气中SO_2的实验研究

本文描述了活性炭脱除烟气中Ｓｉｂ的实验过程．并在实验基础上讨论了Ｏ２／ＳＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ／ＳＯ２、活性炭床层温度和空速等对脱硫效率的影响，提出了影响脱硫效率参数的合理取值范围．     

关于对淮安四季青污水处理厂工艺改进的建议

AB法虽然是一种较好的污水处理工艺,但脱氮除磷的效果非常有限,为达到较好的脱氮除磷效果,结合水厂的实际情况,通过具体的试验,决定采用间歇曝气工艺对原AB工艺进行改进,并采用三池并联的间歇曝气反应器,使污水可以得到连续处理.     

Photo-catalytic CO2 reduction using sol–gel derived titania-supported zinc-phthalocyanine

Carbon dioxide was photo-catalytically reduced to produce formic acid in an aqueous solution using visible light irradiation. Titania and zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-loaded titania were synthesized by a sol–gel method and in situ chemical synthesis technique. The photo-catalytic reactions were conducted in a Pyrex reactor with a visible light irradiating. XRD and DRS revealed that ZnPc was on the TiO₂ surface. The optimum technique was in situ chemical synthesis and the optimum amount of ZnPc loading was 1.0 wt.% for the highest dispersion among catalysts. The formic acid yield of 1.0 wt.% in situ ZnPc/TiO₂ was 978.6 μmol/g catalyst following 10 h of visible light illumination and the conversion was 0.37%. The yield was higher than those of sol–gel TiO₂ and ZnPc/BH-1, whose yields were 321.0 and 756.2 μmol/g catalyst, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the formic acid yield was significantly increased by loading ZnPc. ZnPc has a higher selectivity than metal catalysts for the reduction of CO₂. The photo-catalytic efficiency of ZnPc/TiO₂ was markedly increased because of the lowering re-combination probability for hole–electron pairs.     

煤燃烧中硅酸盐A的高温固硫促进作用

研究了硅酸盐Ａ在不同含量，不同温度下的对碳酸钙固硫碱性能的影响，发现在１２００℃高温下，碳酸钙固硫剂中添加一定量的硅酸盐Ａ，固硫率从１６％提高到３３％，提高率达１０６％，若添加碳酸钾与硅酸盐Ａ的复合添加剂，则固硫率为３６％，提高率为１２５％，用含硅酸盐Ａ的钙基固硫剂与煤制成型煤，在实际锅炉中于１２５０℃试烧，其固硫率达４７％。     

Can Advances in Science and Technology Prevent Global Warming?

The most stringent emission scenarios published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) would result in the stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) at concentrations of approximately 550 ppm which would produce a global temperature increase of at least 2 ^{^}C by 2100. Given the large uncertainties regarding the potential risks associated with this degree of global warming, it would be more prudent to stabilize atmospheric CO₂ concentrations at or below current levels which, in turn, would require more than 20-fold reduction (i.e., ≥95%) in per capita carbon emissions in industrialized nations within the next 50–100 years. Using the Kaya equation as a conceptual framework, this paper examines whether CO₂ mitigation approaches such as energy efficiency improvements, carbon sequestration, and the development of carbon-free energy sources would be sufficient to bring about the required reduction in per capita carbon emissions without creating unforeseen negative impacts elsewhere. In terms of energy efficiency, large improvements (≥5-fold) are in principle possible through aggressive investments in R&D and the removal of market imperfections such as corporate subsidies. However, energy efficiency improvements per se will not result in a reduction in carbon emissions if, as predicted by the IPCC, the size of the global economy expands 12–26-fold by 2100. Terrestrial carbon sequestration via reforestation and improved agricultural soil management has many environmental advantages, but has only limited CO₂ mitigation potential because the global terrestrial carbon sink (ca. 200 Gt C) is small relative to the size of fossil fuel deposits (≥4000 Gt C). By contrast, very large amounts of CO₂ can potentially be removed from the atmosphere via sequestration in geologic formations and oceans, but carbon storage is not permanent and is likely to create many unpredictable environmental consequences. Renewable energy can in theory provide large amounts of carbon-free power. However, biomass and hydroelectric energy can only be marginally expanded, and large-scale solar energy installations (i.e., wind, photovoltaics, and direct thermal) are likely to have significant negative environmental impacts. Expansion of nuclear energy is highly unlikely due to concerns over reactor safety, radioactive waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. In view of the serious limitations and liabilities of many proposed CO₂ mitigation approaches, it appears that there remain only few no-regrets options such as drastic energy efficiency improvements, extensive terrestrial carbon sequestration, and cautious expansion of renewable energy generation. These promising CO₂ mitigation technologies have the potential to bring about the required 20-fold reduction in per capita carbon emission only if population and economic growth are halted without delay. Therefore, addressing the problem of global warming requires not only technological research and development but also a reexamination of core values that equate material consumption and economic growth with happiness and well- being.     

碳氮磷比对菌胶团的影响与活性污泥膨胀的关系

在活性污泥法的曝气池中，由微生物形成的菌胶团与废水成分的碳、氮、磷比例有着密切关系。如果比例失调会导致菌胶团变性、解体，从而影响活性污泥的生物学特性与理化性质、发生“污泥膨胀”，影响废水处理效果。运用我国著名数学家华罗庚的《优选法》－“０．６１８”法，拟定维尼纶有机配水氮的实验区带为０．８－１０，在４个条件相同的反应器中作试验，结果证明：Ｃ：Ｎ：Ｐ＝１００：３．９６：０．９３的范围，菌胶团活性高，     

Community and farm forestry climate mitigation projects: case studies from Uttaranchal,India

The methodologies for forest mitigation projects still present challenges to project developers for fulfillment of criteria within the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or other such mechanisms for the purpose of earning carbon credits. This paper systematically approaches the process of establishing carbon (C) stocks for baseline (BSL) and mitigation scenario (MSL) for two case studies i.e., community and farm forestry projects in Uttaranchal, India. The analysis of various interventions shows that both projects present high carbon mitigation potential. However, the C reversibility risk is lower in long-rotation pine and mixed species plantation on community lands. The project is financially viable though not highly lucrative but the carbon mitigation potential in this ‘restoration of degraded lands’ type of project is immense provided challenges in the initial phase are adequately overcome. C revenue is an essential driver for investors in community projects. The short-rotation timber species such as Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus), Poplar (Populus) have high internal rates of return (IRR) and high carbon benefit reversibility potential due to fluctuations in market prices of commodities produced. The land holdings are small and bundling is desired for projects to achieve economies of scale. The methodological concerns such as sampling intensities, monitoring methodologies, sharing of benefits with communities and bundling arrangements for projects need further research to make these projects viable.     

白腐真菌对活性艳红染料X-3B的脱色实验研究

探讨了白腐真菌对活性艳红染料X-3B废水的脱色效果。实验结果表明白腐真菌可以有效地对染料废水进行脱色。白腐真菌在空气曝气培养条件下,比在空气静置培养状态下具有更强的脱色降解能力;而且当在染料废水中加入一定量的碳源物质(葡萄糖)能提高白腐真菌脱色能力。最后,通过考察细胞外液对染料废水的脱色效果,表明白腐真菌对染料进行脱色的核心体系位于细胞体外。实验结果对白腐真菌在环境工程中的直接应用具有一定的价值。     

Public acceptance and risk-benefit perception of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> geological storage for global warming mitigation in Japan

CO₂ geological storage will be one of the cost-effective options for global warming mitigation, and this technology is under development widely in the world. However, the technology may face the challenge of public acceptance before its implementation. In order to evaluate the public acceptance, questionnaire surveys were conducted among Japanese university students. A cognitive map of geological storage, together with other major global warming mitigation options, everyday life activities, etc., was constructed by means of a statistical analysis of the responses to the questionnaire. The risk-benefit cognitive map consists of the following factors: “risk perception,” “benefit perception,” and “public acceptance.” The risk perception is further disaggregated into “dread risk” and “unknown risk.” Additionally, a second survey was conducted after providing the students with additional information on global warming and CO₂ geological storage, and the effects of the information on their perceptions were evaluated. The effects of risk and benefit perceptions on public acceptance were evaluated and discussed based on the cognitive maps representing the perceptions before and after providing the information. The analyses revealed that the benefit perception was more influential than the risk perception on the public acceptance of CO₂ geological storage. The benefit perception increased greatly after providing the information; however, the unknown risk remained considerably large. Further, RD&D relating unknown risk, for example, the monitoring technology for stored CO₂ and the risk assessment of CO₂ leakage, and the supply of related information to the public would be beneficial for increasing the public acceptance.